Double fitting of Maker fringes to characterize near-surface and bulk second-order nonlinearities in poled silica

Qiu, Mingxing; Vilaseca, R.; Botey, Muriel; Sellarès, J.; Pi, F.; Orriols, G.

doi:10.1063/1.126643

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The fringe pattern shows a rapid oscillation over a slow modulation. It should be pointed out that similar kind of fringe pattern has been observed for other poled glasses [9][10][11][12][13] . The maximum SH signal, is about 10 -6 of that α-quartz for the same intensity of the fundamental beam.…”

Section: Characterization Of the Nonlinear Regionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Second-order optical nonlinearities in thermally poled phosphate glasses

Thamboon

Krol

2003

Journal of Applied Physics

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Second order optical nonlinearities were induced in commercial phosphate glasses (Schott, IOG-1) by the thermal poling technique. The induced χ (2) was measured via second harmonic generation using a fundamental beam from a 1064 nm modelocked Nd:YAG laser. The nonlinear regions were characterized using the Maker-Fringe technique, in which the second harmonic signals were observed as a function of incident angle of the fundamental beam. The results show that the χ (2) profile has contributions from two distinct regions: a near-anodic surface region and a bulk. We have modeled the induced profile to fit our experimental results. The dependence of the induced nonlinearity on applied poling fields, temperatures and poling time is discussed.

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Section: Characterization Of the Nonlinear Regionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Second-order optical nonlinearities in thermally poled phosphate glasses

Thamboon

Krol

2003

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…Around room temperature, there is a ε' step due to subdiffusive ion movements in the bulk [10,11]. At temperatures above 400 K, we find a steep rise of ε' and a leveling off into a plateau with a value of about 4…”

Section: Ac Conductivity and Permittivity Spectra During Polingmentioning

confidence: 69%

Mechanism and kinetics of Na+ ion depletion under the anode during electro-thermal poling of a bioactive glass

Mariappan

Roling

2010

Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids

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Electro-thermal poling experiments were carried out on a 46.4 SiO 2 -25.2 Na 2 O -25.2 CaO -3.2 P 2 O 5 (46S4) bioactive glass, and the kinetics of the Na + ion depletion layer formation under the anode was studied in-situ by means of ac impedance spectroscopy. One important finding is a linear relation between the depletion layer thickness and the applied voltage, which is in contrast to the predictions of standard space charge theory. The average electric field in the layer is independent of the voltage and is close to the dielectric breakdown field of alkali ion conducting glasses. Furthermore, we observe that the thickness of the depletion layer is established on a much shorter time scale than the resistance. We explain these results by assuming that the huge electric fields created under the anode during Na + ion depletion lead to a strong increase of the electronic mobility in the layer and to charge compensation via extraction of electrons. It is shown that in the initial stages of the depletion process, a relative Na + ion depletion of only 400 ppm is sufficient to generate electric fields of the order of the dielectric breakdown field.

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“…The influence of surface charges on the bioactivity of hydroxyapatite (HAP) was confirmed by the overgrowth of calcium phosphate layers in simulated body fluids (SBF), by the proliferation of certain cells in physiological fluids, and by an enhanced osteoconductivity in the body. When poled HAP samples were placed in SFB (which is equal to human blood plasma with the following ionic concentrations: Na + 142.0 mM, K + 5.0 mM, Ca 2+ 2.5 mM, Mg 2+ 1.5 mM, Cl − 147.8 mM, HCO 3 − 4.2 mM, HPO 4 2− 1.0 mM, SO 4 2− 0.5 mM, and with a pH of 7.25-7.40), calcium ions from the SFB were adsorbed readily on the negatively charged surface and followed by PO 4 3− , resulting in an accelerated formation of bone-like apatite [7]. The 46S5 bioglass achieved much higher polarizations with 100 times lower dc fields than the HAP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Among these, thermal poling is one of the so-called thermally stimulated polarization techniques [4,5]. In this technique, a dc voltage V p is applied to the material for a time interval t p at a temperature T p .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of bioglass–electrode interfaces after thermal poling

Mariappan

Roling

2008

Solid State Ionics

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Electrical and electrochemical processes in a bioactive soda-lime phosphosilicate glass and in a bioabsorbable soda-lime phosphate glass during thermal poling were studied by means of thermally stimulated polarization and depolarization current measurements (TSPC and TSDC), ac impedance spectroscopy, and SEM/EDX analyses. The thermal poling was done by sputtering thin Pt electrode films onto the faces of the glass samples and by applying voltages up to 750 V to the electrodes at temperatures up to 513 K. The poling leads to the formation of interfacial layers under the electrodes which are responsible for two depolarization current peaks. The Na + depletion layer under the anode causes an additional semicircle in a Nyquist plot of the ac impedance. The SEM/EDX profiles suggest that redox and transport processes of Na + ions are responsible for the formation of the interfacial layers, while the Ca 2+ ions are immobile under the poling conditions. From the EDX profile of the Na + depletion under the anode, we calculate a hypothetical voltage drop in the depletion layer under the assumption that there is no charge compensation. Since the calculated voltage drop is much larger than the poling voltage, we conclude that the negative charge density due to Na + depletion must be compensated, at least to a large extent, by the presence of other charge carriers, most likely protons.

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Double fitting of Maker fringes to characterize near-surface and bulk second-order nonlinearities in poled silica

Cited by 17 publications

References 12 publications

Second-order optical nonlinearities in thermally poled phosphate glasses

Second-order optical nonlinearities in thermally poled phosphate glasses

Mechanism and kinetics of Na+ ion depletion under the anode during electro-thermal poling of a bioactive glass

Investigation of bioglass–electrode interfaces after thermal poling

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