Double evaporitic décollements: Influence of pinch-out overlapping in experimental thrust wedges

Santolaria, Pablo; Vendeville, Bruno C.; Graveleau, Fabien; Soto, Ruth; Sáinz, Antonio María Casas

doi:10.1016/j.jsg.2015.04.002

Cited by 44 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The presence of weak, overlapped décollements (being pretectonic and/or syntectonic) is a common feature in fold‐and‐thrust systems such as the Pyrenees (Muñoz, ), the Zagros (Sherkati et al, ), or the Apennines (Massoli et al, ). They efficiently propagate deformation toward the foreland and yield the development of complex thrust systems whose geometry and kinematic evolution is strongly controlled by the lithology, overlap, lateral extent, and interaction between décollements (Ruh et al, ; Sans et al, ; Santolaria et al, ). Besides, the behavior and role of weak décollements under contraction are also determined by (i) their interaction with underlying basement features (that can partly correspond to inherited structures; Giambiagi et al, ) and (ii) by the thickness and distribution of overlying syntectonic sequences (Duerto & McClay, ; Pichot & Nalpas, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Overlapping décollements, Syntectonic Sedimentation, and Structural Inheritance in the Evolution of a Contractional System: The Central Kuqa Fold‐and‐Thrust Belt (Tian Shan Mountains, NW China)

et al. 2018

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Contractional deformation in the Kuqa fold-and-thrust belt (southern foreland of the Tian Shan Mountains, NW China) is recorded by well-preserved syntectonic continental sequences. In addition, its structural evolution was strongly controlled by synorogenic salt (Eocene in age) and presalt décollements with varying spatial distribution. We present a balanced and sequentially restored cross section across the central part of this fold-and-thrust belt that provides a new interpretation of the structure beneath the evaporites, in which Paleozoic and Mesozoic strata are deformed by a thrust stack involving (i) a thin-skinned thrust system detached on Triassic-Jurassic coal units and (ii) an ensemble of south-directed basement thrusts. The latter formed from the inversion of Mesozoic extensional faults such as those preserved both in the Tarim foreland basin and beneath the frontal part of the Kuqa fold-and-thrust belt. The constructed section shows a total shortening of 35 km from the Late Cretaceous to the present. The restoration depicts a three-stage evolution for the Kuqa fold-and-thrust belt: (i) minor Mesozoic extension, (ii) an early compressional stage (Late Cretaceous to early Miocene) with low shortening and syntectonic sedimentary rates, and (iii) a later compressional stage (late Pliocene-Pleistocene) characterized by a greater and progressively increasing shortening rate and rapid deposition. Our results are discussed in light of previous analogue and numerical modeling studies and demonstrate the control exerted by the interplay between syntectonic sedimentation, the inversion of inherited basement structures, and the nature and extent of Triassic/Jurassic and Eocene décollements.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Overlapping décollements, Syntectonic Sedimentation, and Structural Inheritance in the Evolution of a Contractional System: The Central Kuqa Fold‐and‐Thrust Belt (Tian Shan Mountains, NW China)

et al. 2018

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“…can develop either associated with extension during the basinal stage (e.g. Vendeville and Jackson, 1992;Ferrer et al, 2012;Jackson and Lewis, 2016) or with compression during subsequent basin inversion (Davis and Engelder, 1985;Costa and Vendeville, 2002;Santolaria et al, 2015). The triggering mechanism is commonly differential loading, easily…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensional vs. compressional deformation in the Central High Atlas salt province: A paleomagnetic approach

et al. 2018

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In this paper we address the problem of the distinction between diapiric, salt-driven and compressional structures, using the outstanding example of the Central High Atlas (Morocco). A remagnetized component carried by magnetite has been isolated in 32 new paleomagnetic sites. It is characterized by: maximum unblocking temperatures around 450ºC, syn-folding behavior and normal polarity. These 33 mean paleomagnetic directions were analyzed together with other 68 from published works around the study area to construct a robust paleomagnetic dataset along a crosssection perpendicular to the main structures. The remagnetization direction (n: 100, Dec: 332.2º, Inc: 34.5º, η: 6.2º, ξ: 2.0º, A/n: 6.427º) and the paleo-dip of beds (the attitude of the beds at the remagnetization occurrence) were calculated through small circle methods. The remagnetization can

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“…From that stage on, in the upper part of the overburden, the deformation front propagated forward fast (Thrusts 7 to 9 in Figs. 4B and 5B) and rapidly reached the foreland salt pinch out (as in Costa and Vendeville, 2002;Santolaria et al, 2015). However, at depth, no new thrust formed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…2, bottom). In models that comprised a salt-analogue décollement (Models 2 and 3), we reduced the lateral friction between the upper sand layers and the lateral vertical glass walls by inserting a thin, vertical film of silicone between the sidewalls and the model itself (as in Costa and Vendeville, 2002;Couzens-Schultz et al, 2003;Santolaria et al, 2015). Figure 3 illustrates, for the sake of clarity, what we mean below in terms of shallow and deep thrusts.…”

Section: Experimental Design and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How the presence of a salt décollement in the sedimentary cover influences the behavior of subsalt thrusts in fold-and-thrust belts

Vendeville

Tang

Graveleau

et al. 2017

Bull. Soc. géol. Fr.

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-We conducted a series of analogue experiments on shortening of a brittle cover (dry sand) above a deep, thin, frictional detachment (glass microbeads). In some experiments, the cover was homogeneous, entirely brittle. In others, there was a thin viscous silicone layer (representing salt) embedded at mid height into the cover, and initially located in the foreland of the fold-and-thrust belt. Our goal was to determine whether or not the presence of such a décollement in the cover could have an impact on the mechanics and kinematics of the underlying subsalt thrusts. Results confirm that, once the front of the foldbelt reached the hinterland salt pinch out, the kinematics of the deeper belt changed drastically: its front stopped propagating forward, and most of the subsequent shortening was accommodated by a larger-than-normal slip along the foremost and youngest deep thrust, while, above the salt décollement, the deformation front propagated very fast, creating a very low surface slope. We hypothesize that it is the gentle sub-critical surface slope associated with rocksalt's low viscosity that prevents the build-up of an overall surface slope steep enough to allow the underlying, deep foldbelt to continue propagating forward. Finally, one experiment in which only one half of the width of the model comprised an interbedded viscous décollement has shown that the kinematics of the deep thrust was affected even in the adjacent salt-free domain.Keywords: salt tectonics / fold-and-thrust belts / analogue modeling / décollement Résumé -Influence de la présence d'un niveau de décollement évaporitique situé au sein de la couverture sur l'évolution des chevauchements sub-salifères profonds lors de la propagation d'une chaîne d'avant-pays. Nous avons réalisé une série d'expériences de modélisation analogique étudiant le raccourcissement d'une couverture sédimentaire constituée de matériel fragile (sable sec) enracinée sur un niveau profond frictionnel (microbilles de verre), mais comprenant localement une couche visqueuse interstratifiée de plus faible résistance mécanique (polymère de silicone). Le but de ces expériences était d'analyser l'impact d'un tel niveau de décollement visqueux superficiel sur la mécanique et la cinématique des chevauchements de la zone profonde, et notamment sur les modalités de la transmission de la déformation entre les deux niveaux de décollement. Les résultats expérimentaux confirment bien que, lorsque le front de déformation profond atteint la région où se trouve la série visqueuse interstratifiée, la cinématique des chevauchements profonds change de façon drastique. Le front de déformation profond cesse de se propager vers l'extérieur du modèle, et le chevauchement profond le plus jeune se connecte avec le niveau de décollement superficiel. Ainsi, la plus grande partie du raccourcissement est transmise aux séries superficielles de la couverture. Le front de déformation migre rapidement vers l'extérieur en se propageant sur le niveau à faible résistance mécanique. La pente topograp...

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Double evaporitic décollements: Influence of pinch-out overlapping in experimental thrust wedges

Cited by 44 publications

References 66 publications

Influence of Overlapping décollements, Syntectonic Sedimentation, and Structural Inheritance in the Evolution of a Contractional System: The Central Kuqa Fold‐and‐Thrust Belt (Tian Shan Mountains, NW China)

Influence of Overlapping décollements, Syntectonic Sedimentation, and Structural Inheritance in the Evolution of a Contractional System: The Central Kuqa Fold‐and‐Thrust Belt (Tian Shan Mountains, NW China)

Extensional vs. compressional deformation in the Central High Atlas salt province: A paleomagnetic approach

How the presence of a salt décollement in the sedimentary cover influences the behavior of subsalt thrusts in fold-and-thrust belts

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