Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of a lotion containing triethyl citrate and ethyl linoleate in the treatment of acne vulgaris

Charakida, A; Charakida, Marietta; Chu, A.C.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08083.x

Cited by 40 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Drinking milk causes a direct rise in IGF‐1 through a disproportionate elevation in blood sugar and serum insulin levels (81). High glycemic load foods also cause IGF‐1‐mediated elevations in DHT (82). IGF‐1 levels during teenage years closely parallel acne activity and are likely synergistic with the steroid hormones (Fig.…”

Section: Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New developments in our understanding of acne pathogenesis and treatment

Kurokawa

Danby

Qiang

et al. 2009

Experimental Dermatology

489

518

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Interest in sebaceous gland physiology and its diseases is rapidly increasing. We provide a summarized update of the current knowledge of the pathobiology of acne vulgaris and new treatment concepts that have emerged in the last 3 years (2005)(2006)(2007)(2008). We have tried to answer questions arising from the exploration of sebaceous gland biology, hormonal factors, hyperkeratinization, role of bacteria, sebum, nutrition, cytokines and toll-like receptors (TLRs). Sebaceous glands play an important role as active participants in the innate immunity of the skin. They produce neuropeptides, excrete antimicrobial peptides and exhibit characteristics of stem cells. Androgens affect sebocytes and infundibular keratinocytes in a complex manner influencing cellular differentiation, proliferation, lipogenesis and comedogenesis. Retention hyperkeratosis in closed comedones and inflammatory papules is attributable to a disorder of terminal keratinocyte differentiation. Propionibacterium acnes, by acting on TLR-2, may stimulate the secretion of cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 by follicular keratinocytes and IL-8 and -12 in macrophages, giving rise to inflammation. Certain P. acnes species may induce an immunological reaction by stimulating the production of sebocyte and keratinocyte antimicrobial peptides, which play an important role in the innate immunity of the follicle. Qualitative changes of sebum lipids induce alteration of keratinocyte differentiation and induce IL-1 secretion, contributing to the development of follicular hyperkeratosis. High glycemic load food and milk may induce increased tissue levels of 5a-dihydrotestosterone. These new aspects of acne pathogenesis lead to the considerations of possible customized therapeutic regimens. Current research is expected to lead to innovative treatments in the near future. Biology of sebaceous glandsThe sebaceous gland is a holocrine gland, and its secretion is formed by the complete disintegration of the glandular cells. Excreting sebum is the major function of sebaceous glands (1), and increased sebum excretion is a major concurrent event that parallels the development of acne lesions. With the development of human sebaceous gland experimental models for in vitro studies (2-5), considerable progress has been made in our understanding of many new

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Section: Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New developments in our understanding of acne pathogenesis and treatment

Kurokawa

Danby

Qiang

et al. 2009

Experimental Dermatology

489

518

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“…Hinokiol isolated from Magnolia officinalis have been used for antibacterial activity [65]. Ethyl linolate have been used for the treatment of acne vulgaris [66] and topically as antibacterial agent [67]. In the same way, stigmasterol acetate has also been used as antibacterial agent [68].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demonstration of biological activities of extracts from Isodon rugosus Wall. Ex Benth: Separation and identification of bioactive phytoconstituents by GC-MS analysis in the ethyl acetate extract

Zeb

Ullah

Ayaz

et al. 2017

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundSince long, natural sources have been explored for possible managements of various diseases. In this context, the study is designed to evaluate Isodon rugosus Wall. ex Benth for biological potentials including antibacterial, anthelmintic, insecticidal, anti-termites and anti-Pharaoh activities followed by GC-MS analysis of active fraction to identify various bioactive compounds.Methods I. rugosus was investigated against eight bacterial strains using well diffusion method and microdilution method with ceftriaxone as positive control. Similarly, the insecticidal activity was carried out against Tribolium castaneum, Rhyzopertha dominica, Monomorium pharaonis and Heterotermis indicola following contact toxicity method. Likewise, anthelmintic activity was performed against Ascaridia galli and Pherethima posthuma using albendazole as positive control, in which the paralysis and death times of the worms were observed. The GC-MS analysis of the most active solvent fraction was performed for identifications of various bioactive compounds.ResultsAmong the tested samples of I. rugosus, flavonoids and ethyl acetate fraction exhibited high antibacterial activities. The crude saponins showed highest anthelmintic activity against Pherethima posthuma and Ascaridia galli with death times of 27.67 and 29.22 min respectively at concentrations of 40 mg/ml. In insecticidal activity, chloroform fraction and saponins exhibited notable results against R. dominica (60 and 70%) and T. castaneum (70 and 76%) at concentration of 200 mg/ml. In anti-termite assay, all the plant samples showed overwhelming results, i.e. all the 25 termites were killed on the 3rd day. Similarly, in anti-Pharaoh activity, the chloroform, ethyl acetate and saponins fractions were most potent, each exhibiting LD50 of <0.1 mg/ml. In GC-MS analysis, total of 57 compounds were identified. Some of the bioactive compounds identified in GC-MS analysis are palmitic acid, hinokiol, α-amyrin, phytol, ethyl linolate, cyclohexanone, hinokione, methyl palmitate, ethyl palmitate and stigmasterol acetate.ConclusionsBased on our current results, it can be concluded that I. rugosus possess strong antibacterial, insecticidal and anthelmintic potentials having crude saponins and ethyl acetate as the most active fractions. The GC-MS analysis and biological assays reveal that ethyl acetate fraction is a suitable target for the isolation of diverse array of bioactive compounds.

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“…Sebum production was significantly less in the actively treated group, with a mean 53% less sebum production than controls. The treatment was also well‐tolerated …”

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confidence: 98%

“…Based on these assumptions, our study evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of a new protocol consisting of a peel with 30% salicylic acid (SA) solution incorporating a combination of triethyl citrate and ethyl linoleate (Enerpeel SA) and a home topical therapy based on triethyl citrate, ethyl linoleate, and SA 0.5% (Aknicare lotion, Aknicare cream, Aknicare Sun, General Topics SRL, S. Felice del Benaco (BS), Italy) indicated for the management of mild to moderate acne. The choice of triethyl citrate and ethyl linoleate has been made because these compounds can modify the microenvironment of the pilosebaceous unit, attenuating seborrhea and reducing the number of comedones, papules, and pustules . The active lotion containing triethyl citrate and ethyl linoleate is an effective treatment for patients with mild to moderate acne.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%