Dose‐dependent hypocholesterolemic actions of dietary apple polyphenol in rats fed cholesterol

Abstract

The dose-dependent hypocholesterolemic and antiatherogenic effects of dietary apple polyphenol (AP) from unripe apple, which contains approximately 85% catechin oligomers (procyanidins), were examined in male Sprague-Dawley rats (4 wk of age) given a purified diet containing 0.5% cholesterol. Dietary AP at 0.5 and 1.0% levels significantly decreased the liver cholesterol level compared with that in the control (AP-free diet-fed) group. Dietary AP also significantly lowered the serum cholesterol level compared with that in the control group. However, the HDL cholesterol level was significantly higher in the 1.0% AP-fed group than in the control group. Accordingly, the ratio of HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol was significantly higher in the 0.5% AP-fed group and 1.0% AP-fed group than in the control group. Moreover, the atherogenic indices in the 0.5 and 1.0% AP-fed groups were significantly lower than those in the control group. The activity of hepatic cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase tended to be increased by dietary AP in a dose-dependent manner. In accord with this observation, dietary AP increased the excretion of acidic steroids in feces. Dietary AP also significantly promoted the fecal excretion of neutral steroids in a dose-dependent manner. These observations suggest that dietary AP at a 0.5 or 1.0% level exerts hypocholesterolemic and antiatherogenic effects through the promotion of cholesterol catabolism and inhibition of intestinal absorption of cholesterol.

Dietary Pine Bark Extract Reduces Atherosclerotic Lesion Development in Male ApoE-Deficient Mice by Lowering the Serum Cholesterol Level

“…23) An apple polyphenol contains approximately 85% proanthocyanidin. 23) These results indicate that apple-derived proanthocyanidin added to a diet affect the cholesterol absorption and metabolism in the intestinal and the liver, respectively. It is hence expected that proanthocyanidin in the PBE affects cholesterol homeostasis in the intestine and the liver in a way similar to apple proanthocyanidins.…”

Juices in the diet of a child and an adult: Their significance for health

“…Среднее содержание нутриентов в яблоках и яблочном соке (на 100 г свежего продукта) [ риска атеросклероза, инфаркта миокарда при сниже-нии уровня в крови холестерина и липопротеидов низ-кой плотности (ЛПНП) [11,15,16]. Полифенолы могут влиять на метаболизм липи-дов через активацию окисления жирных кислот и хо-лестерина в печени [17][18][19], подавление синтеза жир-ных кислот в печени [20], снижение этерификации холестерина и синтеза apoВ-содержащих липопроте-идов [21]. Кроме того, предполагается, что катехины могут препятствовать кишечной абсорбции холесте-рина путем воздействия на формирование мицелл в кишечнике и усиливать прямое выведение холесте-рина и липидов [18,22].…”

“…Исследования на животных показали, что по-лифенолы яблок увеличивают выведение желчных кислот с калом [17,23]. Это может быть связано с конъюгацией желчных кислот с полифенолами и по-вышением их экскреции.…”

Lipid Lowering and Antioxidant Effects of C. Verum on Liver in Cholesterol fed Rabbits

“…Due to the growing concern of consumers regarding the better compatibility, improved patient tolerance of long-term pharmaceutical drug usage, the demand for nutraceutical compounds keeps on rising. 3 Among these phytoconstituents, plant secondary metabolites that function as dietary antioxidants , lipid-lowering compounds 4 and cholesterol-lowering compounds 5 have fascinated the interest of scientists the most. Many spices and their active principles are excellent nutraceuticals.…”