DOSAGE RESPONSE OF THE STAGES OF CODLING MOTH, <i>LASPEYRESIA POMONELLA</i> (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE), TO FUMIGATION WITH METHYL BROMIDE

Gaunce, A. P.; Madsen, Harold F.; McMullen, R. D.; Hall, John W.

doi:10.4039/ent1121033-10

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…While there is evidence that pesticides can cause mortality of larvae for a few days after they enter apples (Hough, 1962;Gratwick and Tew, 1966), the larva in the apple is considered to be relatively protected from pesticide mortality (Rock, 1976). There are few data on toxicity of pesticides to egg, pupa, or adult stages (some exceptions are Hamilton et al, 1954;Brunson and Dean, 1963;Gratwick and Tew, 1966;Hagley, 1975;Pree and Hagley, 1977;Hoying and Riedl, 1980;Gaunce et al, 1980), but newly hatched larvae are generally the stage most susceptible to pesticide mortality (Brunson and Dean, 1963). Thus, only searching larvae are subject to pesticide mortality in the present model.…”

Section: Pesticide Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simulation model of population dynamics of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella

Shaffer

Gold

1985

Ecological Modelling

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A simulation model has been developed that predicts numbers and phenology of a population of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), in an apple orchard. The model is a general insect population model based on the iterative-cohort technique. It operates at two time scales: a fine time scale (one hour) for temperature-dependent physiological processes, and a coarse time scale (one day) for population processes. The population is divided into a specifiable number of stages, and each stage is described by four process functions, which may be of any convenient mathematical form, and may differ among stages. Each stage is divided into cohorts of individuals born or emerged on the same day, and individuals within a cohort are considered probabilistically identical. The model simulates the processes of development, transition among stages, and mortality by using probability distributions representing these processes, and incorporates the effects of pesticides on mortality of the insect. Model output was evaluated by comparison with records of pheromone trap catches of codling moths in commercial apple orchards in North Carolina. The model predicts timing of the first spring flight well, depending on the initial age distribution used. Time between peaks of numbers of adults in the model is about 15 days longer than the observed period between flight peaks in orchards. Sensitivity analysis indicates that this discrepancy may be related to differences between measured ambient temperature and tree canopy temperature. The sensitivities of numbers of insects produced by the model and timing of peaks in numbers present were determined for each of the parameters in the model. The parameters with greatest effect on the model output were those which control the locations of developmental rate functions and survival functions on the temperature scale. In the model, pesticides had a much larger effect on numbers of adults present than records of moths caught in pheromone traps indicate actually occurred, suggesting that moths caught in traps in commercial orchards where effective pesticides are applied may be largely immigrants.

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Section: Pesticide Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simulation model of population dynamics of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella

Shaffer

Gold

1985

Ecological Modelling

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“…Methods to infest each fruit with 1-d-old codling moth eggs (the stage least susceptible to methyl bromide) (Gaunce et al 1980), were described by Yokoyama et al (1987b). Fruit wrapped with cotton velveteen cloth with a 2.5-cm-diameter hole in the center to limit the ovipositional area, were placed in six infestation cages (30 fruit per cage) containing 500 Ð750 adults per cage.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-Scale, On-Site Confirmatory, and Varietal Testing of a Methyl Bromide Quarantine Treatment to Control Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Nectarines Exported to Japan

Yokoyama

Miller

Hartsell

et al. 2000

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In total, 30,491 codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), 1-d-old eggs on May Grand nectarines in two large-scale tests, and 17,410 eggs on Royal Giant nectarines in four on-site confirmatory tests were controlled with 100% mortality after fumigation with a methyl bromide quarantine treatment (48 g3 for 2 h at > or = 21 degrees C and 50% volume chamber load) on fruit in shipping containers for export to Japan. Ranges (mean +/- SEM) were for percentage sorption 34.7 +/- 6.2 to 46.5 +/- 2.5, and for concentration multiplied by time products 54.3 +/- 0.9 to 74.5 +/- 0.6 g.h/m3 in all tests. In large-scale tests with May Grand nectarines, inorganic bromide residues 48 h after fumigation ranged from 6.8 +/- 0.7 to 6.9 +/- 0.5 ppm, which were below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency tolerance of 20 ppm; and, organic bromide residues were < 0.01 ppm after 1 d and < 0.001 ppm after 3 d in storage at 0-1 degree C. After completion of larger-scale and on-site confirmatory test requirements, fumigation of 10 nectarine cultivars in shipping containers for export to Japan was approved in 1995. Comparison of LD50s developed for methyl bromide on 1-d-old codling moth eggs on May Grand and Summer Grand nectarines in 1997 versus those developed for nine cultivars in the previous 11 yr showed no significant differences in codling moth response among the cultivars.

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“…Apples may be infested by eggs and larvae of the codling moth. Eggs are less susceptible to methyl bromide fumigation than the larvae (Gaunce et al, 1980;Tebbets et al, 1986). Eggs have three embryonic stages: white, red-ring, and blackhead stages (Richardson et al, 1982); the red-ring stage is the most resistant to low temperatures (Moffitt and Burditt, 1989a).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Methyl bromide fumigation has been examined to control codling moth on commercial fruit in the United States including sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) (Anthon et al, 1975(Anthon et al, , 1977Moffitt et al, 1992) and nectarines [Prunus persica L. (Batsch) Nectarine Group] (Yokoyama et al, 1987a(Yokoyama et al, , 1988(Yokoyama et al, , 1990, and on New Zealand sweet cherries and nectarines (Waddell et al, 1990). Gaunce et al (1980) determined the concentration-response of codling moth life stages in immature apples to methyl bromide fumigation at 73.4 ± 1.8 °F (23 ± 1 °C) and recommended 0.032 oz/ft 3 (32 g•m -3 ) for 2 h as an operational treatment. Using cages containing rearing diet, Tebbets et al (1986) examined the concentration-response of codling moth mortality from methyl bromide fumigation at a greater range of temperatures.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Two-component Quarantine Treatment for Postharvest Control of Codling Moth on Apple Cultivars Intended for Export to Japan and Korea

Hansen¹,

Moffitt²,

Albano³

et al. 2000

horttech

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Confirmatory tests were performed on a two-component quarantine treatment against the codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) for seven apple [Malus sylvestris (L.) var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] cultivars ('Delicious,' `Golden Delicious,' `Braeburn,' `Fuji,' `Gala,' `Jonagold,' and `Granny Smith') intended for export to Japan and Korea. Treatment consists of a 55-day cold storage at 40 °F (2.2 °C) or below, followed by a 2-hour methyl bromide fumigation (0.056 oz/ft3 or 56 g·m-3) at 50 °F (10 °C). No eggs or larvae survived this treatment. Comparison tests were conducted on all cultivars to demonstrate no difference in insect responses between a previously accepted cultivar and proposed cultivars. Concentration-mortality responses were determined for each of the components and no statistical differences were found in the regression slopes of pest mortality with controlling variable (either cold exposure or fumigation) among all cultivars. Descriptive mathematical models, developed for the effects of cold storage on egg mortality and for methyl bromide fumigation on larvae mortality, were sigmoid curve equations.

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DOSAGE RESPONSE OF THE STAGES OF CODLING MOTH, LASPEYRESIA POMONELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE), TO FUMIGATION WITH METHYL BROMIDE

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

A simulation model of population dynamics of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella

A simulation model of population dynamics of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella

Large-Scale, On-Site Confirmatory, and Varietal Testing of a Methyl Bromide Quarantine Treatment to Control Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Nectarines Exported to Japan

A Two-component Quarantine Treatment for Postharvest Control of Codling Moth on Apple Cultivars Intended for Export to Japan and Korea

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