A Two-component Quarantine Treatment for Postharvest Control of Codling Moth on Apple Cultivars Intended for Export to Japan and Korea

Abstract

<jats:p>Confirmatory tests were performed on a two-component quarantine treatment against the codling moth (<jats:italic>Cydia pomonella</jats:italic> L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) for seven apple [<jats:italic>Malus sylvestris</jats:italic> (L.) var. <jats:italic>domestica</jats:italic> (Borkh.) Mansf.] cultivars ('Delicious,' `Golden Delicious,' `Braeburn,' `Fuji,' `Gala,' `Jonagold,' and `Granny Smith') intended for export to Japan and Korea. Treatment consists of a 55-day cold storage at 40 °F (2.2 °C) or below, followed by a 2-hour methyl bromide fumigation (0.056 oz/ft<jats:sup>3</jats:sup> or 56 g·m<jats:sup>-3</jats:sup>) at 50 °F (10 °C). No eggs or larvae survived this treatment. Comparison tests were conducted on all cultivars to demonstrate no difference in insect responses between a previously accepted cultivar and proposed cultivars. Concentration-mortality responses were determined for each of the components and no statistical differences were found in the regression slopes of pest mortality with controlling variable (either cold exposure or fumigation) among all cultivars. Descriptive mathematical models, developed for the effects of cold storage on egg mortality and for methyl bromide fumigation on larvae mortality, were sigmoid curve equations.</jats:p>

Radio Frequency-Hot Water Dips for Postharvest Codling Moth Control in Apples

“…Live larvae were recovered from the 48C treatment for 1.5 h and from the 50C treatment for 30 min. The remaining treatments had no survivors, but the numbers of treated larvae were too low to demonstrate treatment efficacy at the probit‐9 level or 99.9968% mortality needed for quarantine security (Hansen et al . 2000).…”

“…exported to Japan are treated to control codling moth ( Cydia pomonella L. [Lepidoptera: Tortricidae]) (Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries – Japan 1950). The current postharvest quarantine treatment consists of two components, cold storage at 2.2C for 55 days followed by a 2‐h methyl bromide fumigation and at least 2‐h chamber venting (Hansen et al . 2000).…”

Efficacy of Nitric Oxide Fumigation for Controlling Codling Moth in Apples

“…Exported apples from codling moth occurring regions to Japan are currently required to be treated to control codling moth. A combination treatment of a 55-day cold storage followed by a 2-h fumigation with 56 g/m 3 of methyl bromide at 10 °C is needed to achieve complete control of codling moth in apples [1]. Methyl bromide fumigation treatment that controls codling moth eggs can cause unacceptable phytotoxic effects on apples [2].…”

Biology and Development of the Wild and Golden Sport ofGrapholita prunivora(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

“…As a result of quarantine concerns, lesser appleworm larvae were collected in 1992 from rose hips near Wapato, WA. A laboratory colony was established and tests were conducted to determine whether the accepted quarantine treatments for controlling codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (MofÞtt 1998, Hansen et al 2000), would also be effective in controlling lesser appleworm. During the course of laboratory rearing, a golden color sport (strain) was discovered in the F 5 generation.…”