Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex N-Acetylaspartate/Total Creatine (NAA/tCr) Loss in Male Recreational Cannabis Users

Hermann, Derik; Sartorius, Alexander; Welzel, Helga; Walter, Sigrid; Skopp, Gisela; Ende, Gabriele; Mann, Karl

doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.08.027

Cited by 121 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…This neuroprotective effect of CBD has also been reported in the human basal ganglia, where there was a strong positive correlation between N-acetylaspartate/total creatine ratio and the amount of CBD (as measured by its presence in hair samples) in the putamen/globus pallidum of recreational Cannabis users. This finding could reflect a CBD-induced enhancement of neuronal and axonal integrity in these regions [113]. More recently, Bhattacharyya et al [114], investigating the effects of THC and CBD during attentional salience processing, have also showed that these two cannabinoids produce opposite effects on prefrontal, striatal and hippocampal functions.…”

Section: Cannabidiol and Psychosismentioning

confidence: 96%

Multiple mechanisms involved in the large-spectrum therapeutic potential of cannabidiol in psychiatric disorders

Campos

Moreira

Gomes

et al. 2012

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

343

235

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Cannabidiol (CBD) is a major phytocannabinoid present in the Cannabis sativa plant. It lacks the psychotomimetic and other psychotropic effects that the main plant compound D 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) being able, on the contrary, to antagonize these effects. This property, together with its safety profile, was an initial stimulus for the investigation of CBD pharmacological properties. It is now clear that CBD has therapeutic potential over a wide range of non-psychiatric and psychiatric disorders such as anxiety, depression and psychosis. Although the pharmacological effects of CBD in different biological systems have been extensively investigated by in vitro studies, the mechanisms responsible for its therapeutic potential are still not clear. Here, we review recent in vivo studies indicating that these mechanisms are not unitary but rather depend on the behavioural response being measured. Acute anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects seem to rely mainly on facilitation of 5-HT1A-mediated neurotransmission in key brain areas related to defensive responses, including the dorsal periaqueductal grey, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and medial prefrontal cortex. Other effects, such as anti-compulsive, increased extinction and impaired reconsolidation of aversive memories, and facilitation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis could depend on potentiation of anandamidemediated neurotransmission. Finally, activation of TRPV1 channels may help us to explain the antipsychotic effect and the bell-shaped dose-response curves commonly observed with CBD. Considering its safety profile and wide range of therapeutic potential, however, further studies are needed to investigate the involvement of other possible mechanisms (e.g. inhibition of adenosine uptake, inverse agonism at CB2 receptor, CB1 receptor antagonism, GPR55 antagonism, PPARg receptors agonism, intracellular (Ca 2þ ) increase, etc.), on CBD behavioural effects.

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Section: Cannabidiol and Psychosismentioning

confidence: 96%

Multiple mechanisms involved in the large-spectrum therapeutic potential of cannabidiol in psychiatric disorders

Campos

Moreira

Gomes

et al. 2012

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

343

235

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This could reflect an enhancement of neuronal and axonal integrity in these regions by CBD. 78 Considering the relevance of these preclinical data and the possible antipsychotic effect of CBD, a recently study evaluated, for the first time, the efficacy, tolerability and safety of CBD in PD patients with psychotic symptoms. 79 In an open-label pilot study, six consecutive outpatients with the diagnosis of PD and who also had psychosis for at least 3 months, have received a flexible-dose regimen of CBD administration (starting with an oral dose of 150 mg/day) for four weeks, in addition to their usual therapy.…”

Section: Anti-oxidative and Neuroprotective Actionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabidiol: from an inactive cannabinoid to a drug with wide spectrum of action

Zuardi

2008

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

340

298

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“…There is also evidence that using cannabis with a higher CBD/ THC ratio is associated with a lower risk of psychotic disorders, subthreshold psychotic symptoms, and cognitive changes related to psychosis [3], from both studies analyzing THC and CBD concentrations in hair samples [83,84], and from a study analyzing the content of the cannabis that subjects reported regularly using [85]. Cannabis users have been found to have evidence for neurotoxicity in the prefrontal cortex based on lower levels of N-acetylaspartic acid measured by proton magnetic spectroscopy, which reflects neuronal integrity [86]. A higher ratio of CBD to THC concentrations in hair samples of cannabis users was associated with higher levels of N-acetylaspartic acid in the putamen/globus pallidus region [86], as well as larger hippocampal volume [87,88].…”

Section: Cbdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cannabis users have been found to have evidence for neurotoxicity in the prefrontal cortex based on lower levels of N-acetylaspartic acid measured by proton magnetic spectroscopy, which reflects neuronal integrity [86]. A higher ratio of CBD to THC concentrations in hair samples of cannabis users was associated with higher levels of N-acetylaspartic acid in the putamen/globus pallidus region [86], as well as larger hippocampal volume [87,88].…”

Section: Cbdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabinoids and Schizophrenia: Risks and Therapeutic Potential

Manseau

Goff

2015

Neurotherapeutics

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A convergence of evidence shows that use of Cannabis sativa is associated with increased risk of developing psychotic disorders, including schizophrenia, and earlier age at which psychotic symptoms first manifest. Cannabis exposure during adolescence is most strongly associated with the onset of psychosis amongst those who are particularly vulnerable, such as those who have been exposed to child abuse and those with family histories of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia that develops after cannabis use may have a unique clinical phenotype, and several genetic polymorphisms may modulate the relationship between cannabis use and psychosis. The endocannabinoid system has been implicated in psychosis both related and unrelated to cannabis exposure, and studying this system holds potential to increase understanding of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Anandamide signaling in the central nervous system may be particularly important. Δ 9 -Tetrahydrocannabinol in cannabis can cause symptoms of schizophrenia when acutely administered, and cannabidiol (CBD), another compound in cannabis, can counter many of these effects. CBD may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of psychosis following cannabis use, as well as schizophrenia, possibly with better tolerability than current antipsychotic treatments. CBD may also have antiinflammatory and neuroprotective properties. Establishing the role of CBD and other CBD-based compounds in treating psychotic disorders will require further human research.

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Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex N-Acetylaspartate/Total Creatine (NAA/tCr) Loss in Male Recreational Cannabis Users

Cited by 121 publications

References 64 publications

Multiple mechanisms involved in the large-spectrum therapeutic potential of cannabidiol in psychiatric disorders

Multiple mechanisms involved in the large-spectrum therapeutic potential of cannabidiol in psychiatric disorders

Cannabidiol: from an inactive cannabinoid to a drug with wide spectrum of action

Cannabinoids and Schizophrenia: Risks and Therapeutic Potential

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