Dorothy Garrod in words and pictures

Smith, Pamela Jane; Callander, J. Graham; Bahn, Paul G.; Pinçlon, Genevi

doi:10.1017/s0003598x00084891

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…My intention in this paper is to re-examine the excavation of the Mousterian Level D at Shukbah, now mentioned only occasionally in the recent literature of the Middle Palaeolithic of south-west Asia (eg, Crew 1975;Jelinek 1982;Bar-Yosef 1998;Meignen 2000;Weinstein-Evron 2003). It has been possible to reconstruct Garrod's approach to the excavation, and her methodology, from surviving original data, including her hand-written excavation notes (Garrod 1928c;Smith et al 1997) which demonstrate her intentions, working methods, and interpretations. The lithic assemblage from Level D was widely distributed but a large proportion has proved traceable (Table 1).…”

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confidence: 99%

Dorothy Garrod's Excavations in the Late Mousterian of Shukbah Cave in Palestine Reconsidered

Callander¹

2004

Proc. Prehist. Soc.

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Professor Dorothy A.E. Garrod's 1928 excavation of the Mousterian Layer D at Shukbah Cave in the Wadi en-Natuf (Palestine) has been neglected by prehistorians in favour of the Epipalaeolithic Layer B with its Natufian culture, for which Shukbah is the typesite. The excavation of Layer D is now re-examined with the aid of Garrod's own unpublished documentation and photographs, and the lithic industry analysed in the light of her conclusion that it was the work of a late Middle Palaeolithic hominid population, probably of Neanderthal type. Application of current analytical methods to approximately one half of the recovered assemblage confirms Garrod's correlation of the Shukbah Mousterian with Tabun Layer B in the later model for the Mount Carmel Levantine Palaeolithic succession. Comparison is made, and consistency demonstrated, with the late Mousterian industry of Kebara Cave (Mount Carmel, excavation 1982–90) and the Shukbah D assemblage is further considered in the wider regional context of approximately contemporary sites ranging from southern Jordan to northern Syria. Suggestions are made regarding future excavation at Shukbah.

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confidence: 99%

Dorothy Garrod's Excavations in the Late Mousterian of Shukbah Cave in Palestine Reconsidered

Callander¹

2004

Proc. Prehist. Soc.

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“…It seemed that her private and unpublished papers had not survived. A widely believed myth arose that they had been destroyed, perhaps burnt even by Professor Garrod herself (15). In 1986, her original black and white negatives were donated to the Pitt Rivers Museum by her prehistorian colleague and executor Suzanne Cassou de Saint Mathurin.…”

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confidence: 99%

First Sex- The Natufian Statue and Professor Dorothy Garrod

Sairam¹,

Moran²

2023

IJUH

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Objectives Our knowledge of the social structure of pre-historic peoples is limited by the scant physical record, largely limited to archeological fragments of biological materials, tools, and funereal art. The Natufian, who lived near present day Jerusalem around 9000 BCE, was a culture first identified by Dorothy Garrod, a British paleo-archeologist. The Natufian produced what may be the world’s first expression of sexuality in art in the Ain-Sakhri statue, depicting two figures intertwined in a coital embrace. Our aim was to better illustrate Garrod’s seminal work, and the significance of the Ain Sakhri statue in our understanding of pre-historical concepts of sexual self-awareness. Methods Archives of the British Museum (London), the Pitts River Museum and the Dorothy Garrod Photographic Archive (Oxford), the Mathurin collection at the Musée des Antiquités Nationales (St Germain-en-Laye, France), and digital. humanities.ox.ac.uk were consulted to identify biographical information on Dorothy Garrod and her archeological work. Secondary sources on the Natufian peoples and their art were identified through PubMed, digital archive sources, and the Garrod archives as cited. Results Dorothy Garrod (1892-1968) was a prolific early 20th century scientist in paleo archeology and a pioneer for women in a male-dominated field, the first prehistorian, and first woman, to be elected to a professorship at Cambridge University (19391952). She established comprehensive excavations in the Levant in the Middle East on Mount Carmel near Jerusalem where she identified the ancient Natufian cultures. There, her mentor, AH Breuil, had found a 10 cm stone figure, now known as the ‘Ain Sakhri’ figurine, from 9,000 BCE and identified by him to be a product of Garrod’s Natufian culture. Unlike other contemporary Natufian sculptures found in the Wadi Khareitoun region, which were worked in bone or antler, the Ain Sakhri was chiseled from calcite. The Ain Sakhri, depicting two intertwined figures and with a phallic shape, is regarded as the world’s oldest known sculpture of people making love. Conclusions Dorothy Garrod was a ground-breaking pioneer in paleo archeology and the 1st female professor at Cambridge from 1939-1952. Her early 20th century work on the Natufian people revealed a complex, sophisticated pre-historic culture which produced the Ain Sakhri, the first sculpted depiction of coitus, predating the historical record of sexual self-awareness by thousands of years.

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“…Our information about the "classic" site and cemetery of Shukbah remains dependent on the findings and interpretations that Garrod left us in her reports. In the light of this, the recent recovery of her hand-written field notebooks (Smith et al 1997) presents us with a welcome opportunity to revisit the archaeological evidence and place it in the context of more recent studies. What follows is a re-appraisal of the Shukbah burials, arguing from the field notes as well as the published data.…”

Section: Shukbah Cave and Its Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

In B or not in B: a reappraisal of the Natufian burials at Shukbah Cave, Judaea, Palestine

Weinstein‐Evron¹

2003

Antiquity

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Dorothy Garrod's classic excavation of Shukbah Cave revealed a sequence of burials from the middle Palaeolithic into a period transitional between the Palaeolithic and Neolithic which she named the Natufian after the wadi in which the cave is located. Using the original field notebooks, the author re-examines the stratigraphy (Layers A–D) and proposes most of the human bone is Natufian (from Layer B) except a group burial which may in fact belong to a later layer. This research implies a redefinition of burial-types belonging to the Natufian.

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Dorothy Garrod in words and pictures

Abstract: Since her death almost 30 years ago, researchers interested in the life and work of one of the greatest prehistorians of her generation have searched, largely in vain, for material additional to Dorothy Garrod's published work. It seems they need search no longer.

Cited by 10 publications

References 2 publications

Dorothy Garrod's Excavations in the Late Mousterian of Shukbah Cave in Palestine Reconsidered

Dorothy Garrod's Excavations in the Late Mousterian of Shukbah Cave in Palestine Reconsidered

First Sex- The Natufian Statue and Professor Dorothy Garrod

In B or not in B: a reappraisal of the Natufian burials at Shukbah Cave, Judaea, Palestine

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