Doppler Ultrasound of the Prostate in Normal Dogs and in Dogs With Chronic Lymphocytic‐lymphoplasmocytic Prostatitis

Abstract

The prostate gland of 11 normal dogs and five dogs with histologically confirmed chronic lymphocytic or lymphoplasmocytic prostatitis were imaged with grey-scale and Doppler ultrasound. Three vessel types (prostatic artery, capsular artery and parenchymal artery) were identified with color Doppler and the resistive index and maximum and minimum velocities were measured with pulsed wave Doppler. No differences between normal dogs and dogs with prostatitis was identified in either grey-scale ultrasound or in any Doppler parameters measured. Regardless of histologic diagnosis, acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg i.v.) caused a significant decrease in capsular artery maximum and minimum velocities and prostatic artery resistive index. This study establishes normal Doppler ultrasound parameters for the intact male canine prostate gland. Additional studies are necessary to further evaluate the clinical utility of Doppler ultrasound in canine prostatic diseases.

Two-dimensional and Doppler sonographic prostatic appearance of sexually intact French Bulldogs

“…The prostatic artery is a small-diameter vessel that provides blood supply for each lobe of the canine prostate independently. The artery either enters the capsule on the dorsolateral surface, forming a branched parenchymal vascular net, or moves laterally to the gland and is derived from the urethral branch [7,24]. Even without global standardization of the terms used for the prostatic artery, this study used the anatomic vascular description to systematically name the locations studied.…”

“…Studies based on small or nonhomogeneous groups of dogs of different breeds and sizes have been conducted to identify the location of the canine prostatic artery and characterize the Doppler pattern in different locations [7][8][9][10][11]. One of these studies reported that there are differences between prostatic artery Doppler characteristics according to location, but no relationship was found between these characteristics and the age of the animal [8].…”

Extraglandular and intraglandular vascularization of canine prostate

“…3-D visualization of the prostate, including volume-and surface-rendered data, are used and accepted by clinicians (Holmes and Robb, 2000). Three arterial types (prostate, capsular, and parenchymal) have been identified with color-Doppler US (Newell et al, 1998). Cranial (a. ductus deferentis), lateral (a. prostatica), and subcapsular arteries have been found with color-coded and pulsed Doppler sonography (Gü nsel- Apel et al, 2001).…”

“…Subsequently, the dog species has been shown to be susceptible to prostate disease, and it is appearing with increasing frequency (Kraewiec and Helfin, 1992). Diagnostic testing currently consists of non-invasive methods for examining prostate vessels (Gü nzel-Apel et al, 2001;Hagen et al, 2001;Newell et al, 1998). New imaging techniques reveal the full complement of prostatic vessels, necessitating a more complete and consistent anatomical description and terminology for the extraglandular vascularization of the prostate and adjacent tissues and organs.…”

<b>Correlações da biometria ultrassonográfica testicular com medidas prostáticas e corporais em cães</b>

“…Da artéria urogenital originam-se diversos ramos prostáticos que entram na glândula prostática em sua superfície dorsolateral (NEWELL et al, 1998). Ramos das artérias prostáticas penetram na cápsula, tornando-se subcapsulares e caminham ao longo do septo, profundamente na glândula.…”