Doppler ultrasound in the assessment of suspected intra-uterine growth restriction

Qahtani, Noura Al

doi:10.4103/1596-3519.87041

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…SGA fetuses are a heterogeneous group comprising fetuses that have failed to achieve their growth potential due to intrauterine growth restriction and fetuses that are constitutionally small. 5 According to a recent study, SGA of which specific cause has not been clarified has a close relationship with hypoxia and increased inflammation response. 5 , 6 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 According to a recent review article, SGA fetuses constitute a large heterogenous group that includes healthy small fetuses, chromosomally abnormal fetuses, and fetuses suffering from utero-placental insufficiency leading to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). 5 Recent studies have shown that IUGR represents a human model of chronic fetal hypoxia, and a relationship between IUGR and pro-inflammatory cytokines has been described. 5 , 6 Hypoxia and inflammation reaction, which are indicated as a cause of IUGR, can lead to varied responses in the body.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 5 Recent studies have shown that IUGR represents a human model of chronic fetal hypoxia, and a relationship between IUGR and pro-inflammatory cytokines has been described. 5 , 6 Hypoxia and inflammation reaction, which are indicated as a cause of IUGR, can lead to varied responses in the body. In particular, it is reported that this hypoxia and inflammation reaction induce changes of the immune system by producing fractional (subset) changes in lymphocyte blast cells in the body.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Difference of Lymphocyte Subsets Including Regulatory T-Cells in Umbilical Cord Blood between AGA Neonates and SGA Neonates

et al. 2015

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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Purpose:This study aimed to compare the regulatory T cells in cord blood of appropriate for gestational age (AGA) neonates with those of small for gestational age (SGA) neonates. Materials and Methods: Umbilical cord blood was collected upon labor in 108 healthy full-term (between 37 and 41 gestational weeks) neonates, who were born between November 2010 and April 2012. Among them, 77 samples were obtained from AGA neonates, and 31 samples were obtained from SGA neonates. Regulatory T cells and lymphocyte subsets were determined using a flow cytometer. Student's t-test for independent samples was used to compare differences between AGA and SGA neonates. Results: Regulatory T cells in cord blood were increased in the SGA group compared with normal controls (p=0.041). However, cytotoxic T cells in cord blood were significantly decreased in the SGA group compared with normal controls (p=0.007). Conclusion: This is the first study to compare the distribution of lymphocyte subsets including regulatory T cells in cord blood between AGA neonates and SGA neonates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Difference of Lymphocyte Subsets Including Regulatory T-Cells in Umbilical Cord Blood between AGA Neonates and SGA Neonates

et al. 2015

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“…It is associated with increased risk of intrauterine fetal death, intracranial hemorrhage, respiratory distress syndrome, neonatal lung diseases, necrotizing enterocolitis, chronic cardiovascular disorders, and renal diseases (2). IUGR fetus have a low growth potential as a result of genetic disease or environmental damage, or due to reduced placental perfusion and 'utero-placental insufficiency'; and they are at increased risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality (3). Fetal venous Doppler studies represent valuable diagnostic techniques that can influence the management of intrauterine growth retardation fetus as it helps in identification of the fetus at risk for perinatal complications and help in prediction of neonatal complications (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of venous Doppler evaluation of intrauterine growth retardation

AbdelMaboud

Elsaid

2015

The Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine

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Aim of the work: The aim of this work is to determine the role of venous Doppler Ultrasonography for the prediction of adverse perinatal outcome in ''intrauterine growth restricted fetus'', providing the obstetrician with additional information about the time frame and significance of the IUGR to help determine the optimal time of delivery. Patients and methods: Sixty pregnant females with their age ranging between 28 and 35 years, gestational age between 27 and 37 weeks of gestation were enrolled in the study. All patients in the study were subjected to Doppler examination of the umbilical vein (UV), Ductus venosus (DV), right hepatic vein (HV) and umbilical artery (UA). Results: Abnormal UA Doppler was found in 40 patients. Abnormal DV Doppler was found in 40 patients. Abnormal UV Doppler was found in 10 patients. Abnormal Rt. HV Doppler was found in 20 patients. All parameters studied were strongly related to perinatal mortality, however, none had 100% sensitivity, the pulsatility index in the Rt. HV and DV were the best single indices to use in the prediction of perinatal mortality. Conclusion: We observed that venous Doppler is superior to arterial Doppler in predicting poor perinatal outcome and that the abnormal equivocal BPP scoring significantly correlated with adverse outcome. We also, concluded that multi-vessel Doppler Ultrasonography and BPP can Abbreviations: UV, umbilical vein; DV, Ductus venosus; HV, hepatic vein; UA, umbilical artery; PI, pulsatility index; IUGR, intrauterine growth retardation; EDV, end diastolic velocity; RF, reversed flow; AEDF, absent end diastolic flow; REDF, reversed end diastolic flow; FGR, fetal growth restriction; A/R, absent or reversed flow; pH, power of hydrogen; BPP, biophysical profile effectively stratify IUGR fetuses with placental vascular insufficiency into risk categories. Fetal deterioration appears to be independently reflected in these two testing modalities; their combined use is likely to be complementary.

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“…IUGR may be broadly classified into two groups: symmetric and asymmetric. Symmetric IUGR has an early onset, where the foetus is proportionately small, and is associated with an increased risk of fetal disorders such as congenital abnormalities, chromosomal abnormalities and congenital infection [6][7][8]. In contrast, there is discordance in growth in the foetus in asymmetric IUGR, with growth of the head relatively preserved while the rest of bodily growth is retarded [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychosocial and Developmental Outcomes of Children Born following Intrauterine Growth Restriction: An Australian Pilot Study

Eapen¹

2014

J Psychol Abnorm Child

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Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with a negative effect on the growth and neurodevelopment of newborn babies, with substantial perinatal mortality and morbidity. Relatively less is known about the longer-term psychosocial sequelae following IUGR, especially in the years immediately preceding school entry, and this pilot study aimed to explore pregnancy and birth related factors related to this. Children born >32 weeks gestation with estimated foetal and birth weights <5th percentile for gestational age in 2007-2009 were identified. Parents completed several developmental assessment questionnaires including the Child Development Chart and Child Behaviour Checklist. Data were ultimately available for eight children with a mean age of 3.8 years. Abnormal Doppler features were found in six children. Two children had poor Apgar scores and three children had perinatal complications. With respect to behavioural and emotional outcomes, two children had Child Behaviour Checklist scores indicating externalising and internalising difficulties, and one child had a borderline fine motor skills score on the Child Development Chart. Amongst these three children (37.5%) with developmental concerns, older maternal age and lower birth weight were observed compared to children without apparent problems. These three children also had lower social skills scores than children without concerns. This pilot study supports the need for further prenatal and postnatal research that examines the psychosocial trajectory of children born following IUGR.

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Doppler ultrasound in the assessment of suspected intra-uterine growth restriction

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

The Difference of Lymphocyte Subsets Including Regulatory T-Cells in Umbilical Cord Blood between AGA Neonates and SGA Neonates

The Difference of Lymphocyte Subsets Including Regulatory T-Cells in Umbilical Cord Blood between AGA Neonates and SGA Neonates

Role of venous Doppler evaluation of intrauterine growth retardation

Psychosocial and Developmental Outcomes of Children Born following Intrauterine Growth Restriction: An Australian Pilot Study

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