Doping of Laser‐Induced Graphene and Its Applications

Abstract

Laser‐induced graphene (LIG) has attracted extensive attention owing to its facile preparation of graphene and direct engraving patterns for devices. Various applications are demonstrated such as sensors, supercapacitors, electrocatalysis, batteries, antimicrobial, oil and water separation, solar cells, and heaters. In recent years, doping has been employed as a significant strategy to modulate the properties of LIG and thereby improve the performance of LIG devices. Due to the patternable manufacture, controllable morphologies, and the synergistic effect of doped atoms and graphene, the doped LIG devices exhibit a high sensitivity of sensing, pseudocapacitance performance, and biological antibacterial. This paper reviews the latest novel research progress of heteroatom and nanoparticles doped LIG in synthesis, properties, and applications. The fabrications of LIG and typical doping approaches are presented. Special attention is paid to two doping processes of LIG: the one‐step laser irradiation method and the two‐step laser modification consisting of deposition, drop‐casting, and duplicated laser pyrolysis. Doped LIG applications with improved performance are mainly highlighted. Taking advantage of doped LIG's properties and device performances will provide excellent opportunities for developing artificial intelligence, data storage, energy, health, and environmental applications.

All-Optical Diffractive Deep Neural Networks Enabled Laser-Reduced Graphene Oxide Tactile Sensor for Braille Recognition

“…The mechanism of laser reduction of GO is mainly closely related to the photochemical and photothermal effects of the laser. , When the laser irradiates the surface of the thin film, the photothermal and photochemical effects of the laser remove the oxygen-containing functional groups and simultaneously convert sp 3 to sp 2 . , Typically, laser irradiation can reduce GO to a certain extent and improve their electrical conductivity. However, complete reduction depends on the combined effect of several factors, and laser parameters such as power, wavelength, and irradiation time can impact the reduction effect.…”

Fabrication of Smart Materials Using Laser Processing: Analysis and Prospects

“…Doping, on the other hand, involves the introduction of specific elements, known as dopants, into the crystalline structure of a material. This process is carried out to modify the material's electronic properties, encompassing conductivity and optical characteristics [114]. Laser processing comes into play when introducing nanoparticles or creating nanostructures to enhance a material's conductivity, optical attributes, or other relevant characteristics.…”

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“…In this context, researchers have recently focused on laser-induced graphene (LIG) composites due to their reasonable conductivity, electrocatalytic nature, and the chemical-free flexible fabrication process for the easy integration of electrodes. However, LIG is mostly explored in dense commercial polymers [ 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 ], which have limitations in terms of in situ functionalization, flexibility, transparency, and so on. In light of these constraints, the exploration of this research field is currently wide open and there is a strong desire to develop next-generation noninvasive electrochemical biosensors.…”