Doping effects of zinc on LiFePO4 cathode material for lithium ion batteries

Liu, Hao; Cao, Qingqing; Fu, Lijun; Li, C.; Wu, Yuping; Wu, Hui

doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2006.07.014

Cited by 425 publications

(150 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…To resolve these issues, many attempts have been made to expand the one-dimensional channels of the olivine structure for smooth Li þ diffusion, such as the doping with impurities, metals or metal oxides [24][25][26] . Alternatively, significant effort has been devoted to coating the LFP surfaces with electrically conductive materials, such as amorphous carbon and conducting polymers to ARTICLE enhance the electrical conductivity of LFP surfaces [27][28][29][30][31][32] .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene-modified LiFePO4 cathode for lithium ion battery beyond theoretical capacity

Lin

et al. 2013

Nat Commun

490

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The specific capacity of commercially available cathode carbon-coated lithium iron phosphate is typically 120-160 mAh g À 1 , which is lower than the theoretical value 170 mAh g À 1 . Here we report that the carbon-coated lithium iron phosphate, surface-modified with 2 wt% of the electrochemically exfoliated graphene layers, is able to reach 208 mAh g À 1 in specific capacity. The excess capacity is attributed to the reversible reduction-oxidation reaction between the lithium ions of the electrolyte and the exfoliated graphene flakes, where the graphene flakes exhibit a capacity higher than 2,000 mAh g À 1 . The highly conductive graphene flakes wrapping around carbon-coated lithium iron phosphate also assist the electron migration during the charge/discharge processes, diminishing the irreversible capacity at the first cycle and leading to B100% coulombic efficiency without fading at various C-rates. Such a simple and scalable approach may also be applied to other cathode systems, boosting up the capacity for various Li batteries.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene-modified LiFePO4 cathode for lithium ion battery beyond theoretical capacity

Lin

et al. 2013

Nat Commun

490

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“…In many previous studies, cationic substitution to the Fe site (M2 site) in LiFePO 4 usually results in higher ionic mobility and Li + diffusion coefficient as a result of the cell volume expansion and the probable weakening of the Li−O interactions. 13,14,17 The result can be named as pillar effect, 18,19 which supports the layered crystalline structure to avoid collapse during the lithiation and delithiation cycles. The weakening of the Li−O interactions lowers the charge transfer resistance and thus improves the reversibility of lithiation and delithiation also.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Vanadium Substitution of LiFePO₄ Cathode Materials To Enhance the Capacity of LiFePO₄-Based Lithium-Ion Batteries

Chiang

et al. 2012

J. Phys. Chem. C

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The mechanism of enhancing the capacity of the LiFePO 4 cathodes in lithium ion batteries by the addition of a small amount of vanadium, which locate on the lithium site and induce lithium vacancies in the crystal structure, is reported in this article. As a result, the capacity increases from 138 mAh/g found for pristine LiFePO 4 to 155 mAh/g for the V-added compound, and the conductivity increases from 4.75 × 10 −4 S/cm for the LiFePO 4 without V addition to 1.9 × 10 −2 S/cm for the V-added compound. A possible model to facilitate the enhancement of conductivity and capacity is described with evidence supported by X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and neutron powder diffraction data.

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“…Concerning electron transport within the particles themselves, enormous enhancements in conductivity and consequent rate improvements has been claimed as a result of adding dopants to the structure [11]. However, other studies showing much more modest enhancements [12,13] bring into question whether the real cause may have been a change in particle morphology, agglomeration, or electrode porosity as a result of introducing the impurity. Another study suggests that phase nucleation co-located with ion and electron injection may be more important than solid state diffusion in this material [14].…”

Section: * C Manuscript Click Here To View Linked Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

How the electrolyte limits fast discharge in nanostructured batteries and supercapacitors

Johns

Roberts

Wakizaka

et al. 2009

Electrochemistry Communications

113

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Examples of LiFePO4 composite electrodes are shown in which solid state and interfacial processes are not the principal rate limiting process during fast discharge. Rate dependence on electrode thickness, electrolyte concentration, lithium transference number, and dilution of the active material is explained by a simple salt diffusion model. A discharge to 25 % capacity (0.3 mA h) was obtained on a 40 micrometre thick electrode after only 4 s in an optimised electrolyte -aqueous Li2SO4. Publication of this paper is extrem ely urgent because it provid es an alternative m od el w ith evid ence for an alternative explanation for the recent results in a published in N ature by Kang and Ced er, concerning ultrafast d ischarge of LiFePO4. Several prom inent w orkers in the field , includ ing Ced er, are aw are of the w ork d escribed in the present m anuscript because I gave an outline of it at recent conferences. H ow ever, the significance of the w ork w as not fully appreciated until the Kang paper cam e out in March . Since then I have received countless m essages asking w here I published the m od el so they can reference the w ork. Of course, I have had to reply "com ing asap!". School of Chemistry

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Doping effects of zinc on LiFePO4 cathode material for lithium ion batteries

Cited by 425 publications

References 28 publications

Graphene-modified LiFePO4 cathode for lithium ion battery beyond theoretical capacity

Graphene-modified LiFePO4 cathode for lithium ion battery beyond theoretical capacity

Vanadium Substitution of LiFePO₄ Cathode Materials To Enhance the Capacity of LiFePO₄-Based Lithium-Ion Batteries

How the electrolyte limits fast discharge in nanostructured batteries and supercapacitors

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Doping effects of zinc on LiFePO4 cathode material for lithium ion batteries

Cited by 425 publications

References 28 publications

Graphene-modified LiFePO4 cathode for lithium ion battery beyond theoretical capacity

Graphene-modified LiFePO4 cathode for lithium ion battery beyond theoretical capacity

Vanadium Substitution of LiFePO4 Cathode Materials To Enhance the Capacity of LiFePO4-Based Lithium-Ion Batteries

How the electrolyte limits fast discharge in nanostructured batteries and supercapacitors

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Vanadium Substitution of LiFePO₄ Cathode Materials To Enhance the Capacity of LiFePO₄-Based Lithium-Ion Batteries