Vanadium Substitution of LiFePO<sub>4</sub> Cathode Materials To Enhance the Capacity of LiFePO<sub>4</sub>-Based Lithium-Ion Batteries

Chiang, Ching-Yu; Su, Hui; Wu, Pu Wei; Liu, Heng Jui; Hu, Chih Wei; Sharma, Neeraj; Peterson, Vanessa K.; Hsieh, Han Wei; Lin, Yu Fang; Chou, Wu–Ching; Lee, Chih‐Hao; Lee, Jyh Fu; Shew, Bor‐Yuan

doi:10.1021/jp307047w

Cited by 64 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This result should also apply to V-LFP, so that V-LiFePO 4 , like V-Li(Fe,Mn)PO 4 , can be obtained with V in the V 2+ valence state after discharge, in which case V is not an aliovalent ion. Aliovalent or not, the insertion of V in LFP improves the electrical conductivity and, thus, the electrochemical performance of LFP [87]. Various hypotheses have been invoked which have been reviewed, for instance, in Ref.…”

Section: Dopingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olivine Positive Electrodes for Li-Ion Batteries: Status and Perspectives

Mauger

Julien

2018

Batteries

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Among the compounds of the olivine family, LiMPO 4 with M = Fe, Mn, Ni, or Co, only LiFePO 4 is currently used as the active element of positive electrodes in lithium-ion batteries. However, intensive research devoted to other elements of the family has recently been successful in significantly improving their electrochemical performance, so that some of them are now promising for application in the battery industry and outperform LiFePO 4 in terms of energy density, a key parameter for use in electric vehicles in particular. The purpose of this review is to acknowledge the current state of the art and the progress that has been made recently on all the elements of the family and their solid solutions. We also discuss the results from the perspective of their potential application in the industry of Li-ion batteries.The main disadvantage of olivines with respect to other cathode chemistries for lithium batteries is the lower energy density. This is evidenced in Table 1 where we have reported the gravimetric and volumetric energy densities of LFP and two other cathode materials which have also found a market place in commercial batteries for electric vehicles: the manganese spinel LiMn 2 O 4 , and "LiNiCoAl" (NCA). In terms of energy density, the winner is clearly NCA, the cathode material used by Panasonic to manufacture the batteries of Tesla cars. However, the low energy density of LFP was not an obstacle for its success for EV applications. The top-selling EV manufacturer in the world today is BYD, which makes its own batteries. Its success comes from its choice of the LFP cathode chemistry. As an example, BYD's LFP battery used by e6 taxis in Shenzen has a driving range of 200 km and can be charged to 80% in just 20 min, or 100% in only 40 min using a BYD DC fast charger. The town has 12,000 taxis which will be electric by the end of this year, and all of the 7,000,000 buses are already electric buses, 80% being BYD buses.

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Section: Dopingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olivine Positive Electrodes for Li-Ion Batteries: Status and Perspectives

Mauger

Julien

2018

Batteries

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“…Since the initial solid-state synthesis method reported in 1997 by John B. Goodenough, [1] LiFePO 4 has been synthesized using many different methods, such as hydrothermal [2], solvothermal [3], sol-gel [4], co-precipitation [5] and colloidal [6] routes. LiFePO 4 however has some critical limitations related to its poor ionic [7] and electronic conductivity [8] that are partially overcome by carbon coating, [9] by doping with several cations (V 5 + , Mg 2 + , Ti 4 + , Zr 4 + , Nb 5 + ), [10,11] by particles nanosizing [12] or by the crystalline habit optimization, for example by preparing particles in shapes were the [010] facets are dominant. This will enable short diffusion lengths of Li + ions through 1D channels along the b-axis [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cation exchange mediated elimination of the Fe-antisites in the hydrothermal synthesis of LiFePO4

et al. 2015

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“…(4)) can, therefore, be considered to fit the experimental data very well in the experimental range. LiFePO 4 /C and LiV 0.07 Ti 0.03 Fe 0.9 PO 4 /C have a discharge voltage of ∼3.4 V, which implies the two-phase redox reaction between FePO 4 and LiFePO 4 [34]. In addition, the voltage difference between the charge and discharge plateau of LiV 0.07 Ti 0.03 Fe 0.9 PO 4 /C is smaller than that of LiFePO 4 /C, which suggests that LiV 0.07 Ti 0.03 Fe 0.9 PO 4 /C possesses a good electronic conductivity and high reaction reversibility.…”

Section: Confirmatory Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Optimization of titanium and vanadium co-doping in LiFePO4/C using response surface methodology

Cui

Long

et al. 2015

Ionics

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A statistically based optimization strategy is used to optimize the amount of titanium and vanadium that is codoped in LiFePO 4 /C. Experimental data for fitting the response were collected using a central composite rotatable design. A second-order model that represents the discharge capacity of co-doped LiFePO 4 /C was expressed as a function of amount of doping titanium and vanadium. The effect of individual variables and their interactions was studied by statistical analysis of variance. The linear and quadratic effects and interactions of the amount of doping titanium and vanadium were statistically significant. Response surface plots, the spatial representations of the model, show that the discharge capacity depends more on the amount of doping vanadium than titanium. The obtained model reveals that the optimized amounts of doping titanium and vanadium are 0.03 and 0.07, respectively, which results in a theoretical discharge capacity of 144.8 mAh g −1 at 10 C. Confirmatory tests for the optimized LiV 0.07 Ti 0.03 Fe 0.9 PO 4 /C show a discharge capacity of 144.1 mAh g −1 with a capacity retention ratio of ∼100 % after 100 cycles at 10 C. The optimized LiV 0.07 Ti 0.03 PO 4 /C exhibits a good rate performance and cycle stability because of the enhancement of electronic conductivity and reaction reversibility through the vanadium and titanium co-doping.

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Vanadium Substitution of LiFePO₄ Cathode Materials To Enhance the Capacity of LiFePO₄-Based Lithium-Ion Batteries

Cited by 64 publications

References 33 publications

Olivine Positive Electrodes for Li-Ion Batteries: Status and Perspectives

Olivine Positive Electrodes for Li-Ion Batteries: Status and Perspectives

Cation exchange mediated elimination of the Fe-antisites in the hydrothermal synthesis of LiFePO4

Optimization of titanium and vanadium co-doping in LiFePO4/C using response surface methodology

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Vanadium Substitution of LiFePO4 Cathode Materials To Enhance the Capacity of LiFePO4-Based Lithium-Ion Batteries

Cited by 64 publications

References 33 publications

Olivine Positive Electrodes for Li-Ion Batteries: Status and Perspectives

Olivine Positive Electrodes for Li-Ion Batteries: Status and Perspectives

Cation exchange mediated elimination of the Fe-antisites in the hydrothermal synthesis of LiFePO4

Optimization of titanium and vanadium co-doping in LiFePO4/C using response surface methodology

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Vanadium Substitution of LiFePO₄ Cathode Materials To Enhance the Capacity of LiFePO₄-Based Lithium-Ion Batteries