Doped tellurite glasses: Extending near‐infrared emission for near‐2.0‐μm amplifiers

Abstract

Tm 3+ singly doped and Tm 3+ /Ho 3+ -codoped TeO 2 -Bi 2 O 3 -ZnO-Li 2 O-Nb 2 O 5 (TBZLN) tellurite glasses were successfully prepared by the melt-quenching technique. Emission characteristics and energy transfer mechanisms were studied upon 785 nm laser diode excitation. A significant enhancement of emission intensity at 1.81 lm with increasing concentration of Tm 3+ ions has been observed while increasing the emission intensity at 2.0 lm with increasing concentration of Ho 3+ has been observed up to the equal concentration of Tm 3+ (0.5 mol%) in TBZLN glasses. The stimulated emission cross section of Tm 3+ : 3 F 4 ? 3 H 6 (5.20 9 10 À21 cm 2 ) and Ho 3+ : 5 I 7 ? 5 I 8 (4.00 9 10 À21 cm 2 ) in 1.0 mol% Tm 3+ -doped and 0.5 mol % Tm 3+ /1.0 mol% Ho 3+ -codoped TBZLN glasses are higher compared to the reported and are found to be excellent candidates for solid-state lasers operating at~1.8 and 2.0 lm, respectively. The extension of NIR emission of Tm 3+ with Ho 3+ ions provides the possibility of using these materials for broadband NIR amplifiers.

Near-infrared quantum cutting luminescence in Pr3+/Yb3+ doped lead bismuth borate glass

“…The gain performance at 1952 nm of the optimized glass can be evaluated through determination of the stimulated emission cross-section 12 , where is the emission peak wavelength, c is velocity of light, n is refractive index, is the effective linewidth and is the measured lifetime. Table 3 presents important spectroscopic parameters of Pr doped for several glasses.…”

“…In our case, the and figure of merit ( ) are relatively higher than the reported glasses in Table 3 , suggesting that 0.5Pr /0.1Yb codoped glass is a promising material for NIR broadband amplifiers. The wavelength dependent gain cross-section can be obtained as a function of population inversion and is written as 12 , G( ) = P ( )-(1-P) ( ), where P is the population inversion of Pr ions, absorption and emission cross-sections & derived from Beer-Lambert and McCumber equations 12 . Figure 4 shows the gain cross-section of Pr : transition as a function of population inversion (0–1) varied with an increment of 0.1.…”

“…In our case, the σ e and figure of merit ( σ e × τ m ) are relatively higher than the reported glasses in Table 3, suggesting that 0.5Pr 3+ /0.1Yb 3+ codoped PbO − Bi 2 O 3 − B 2 O 3 glass is a promising material for NIR broadband amplifiers. The wavelength dependent gain cross-section can be obtained as a function of population inversion and is written as 12 , G( ) = P σ e ( )-(1-P)σ a ( ), where P is the population inversion of Pr 3+ ions, absorption and emission cross-sections σ a ( ) & σ e ( ) derived from Beer-Lambert and…”

“…In order to achieve efficient near- and mid-infrared emissions, low phonon energy of the host material is required to reduce probabilities of multiphonon relaxations between the electronic levels of RE ions. Tellurite 12 , germanate 13 , fluoride 14 and chalcogenide 15 glasses doped with RE ions are all promising systems for near- and mid-infrared lasers as they possess low phonon energy. Bi O and PbO based heavy metal oxide (HMO) glasses also possess excellent IR transmission, low phonon energy, high refractive index and good corrosion resistance compared to other conventional oxide glasses.…”

Engineering of semiconductor nanocrystals and metal Ions in amorphous materials

“…Tellurite glass as a host material for rare earth ions is a favourable media for optical fiber amplifiers because of their wide transmission window, high linear and nonlinear indices, good stability and low phonon energy [118]. The low phonon energy and high refractive index of these glasses can enhance the radiative transition rates, which is an advantageous for optically functional glasses.…”