Dopamine ligands and the stimulus effects of amphetamine: animal models versus human laboratory data

Lh, Brauer; Goudie, Andrew J.; Wit, Harriet de

doi:10.1007/s002130050207

Cited by 86 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…The slowing of RT to motivationally irrelevant, neutral words by AMPH in the two subgroups of problem gamblers is suggestive of such a dopaminergic modulating effect. However, although AMPH is primarily associated with dopamine activation, the drug also engages other neurochemical systems (see Brauer et al, 1997). Therefore, the present findings for gamblers cannot be exclusively attributed to dopamine activation.…”

Section: Lexical Salience Task and Amph-induced Semantic Activationmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Research with animals further indicates that the discriminative stimulus properties of alcohol are unlike those of AMPH (Druhan et al, 1991). The AMPH stimulus primarily involves mono-amine activation (Brauer et al, 1997;Furmidge et al, 1991;Ranaldi et al, 2000;Sasaki et al, 1995), whereas the alcohol stimulus primarily involves GABA-A activation and glutamate inhibition (Jackson et al, 2003;Kostowski and Bienkowski, 1999;Shelton and Grant, 2002;Stolerman and Olufsen, 2001), along with some serotonergic elements (Maurel et al, 1997). In animal studies, systemic AMPH, at a range of doses, does not reliably prime alcohol seeking in animals familiar with alcohol (Halladay et al, 1999;Hubbell et al, 1991;Linseman, 1990), but consistently primes seeking of another psychostimulantFcocaineFin animals familiar with cocaine (de Wit and Stewart, 1981;Lynch et al, 1998;Schenk and Partridge, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Amphetamine Primes Motivation to Gamble and Gambling-Related Semantic Networks in Problem Gamblers

Zack

Poulos

2003

Neuropsychopharmacol

131

101

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Section: Lexical Salience Task and Amph-induced Semantic Activationmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amphetamine Primes Motivation to Gamble and Gambling-Related Semantic Networks in Problem Gamblers

Zack

Poulos

2003

Neuropsychopharmacol

131

101

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“…84 Moreover, schizophrenic patients continue to take drugs of abuse even when medicated with neuroleptics. 85 What is a possible explanation for the discrepancy in the animal and human studies?…”

Section: Treatment Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dopamine in drug abuse and addiction: results from imaging studies and treatment implications

et al. 2004

Mol Psychiatry

1,024

793

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The involvement of dopamine in drug reinforcement is well recognized but its role in drug addiction is much less clear. Imaging studies have shown that the reinforcing effects of drugs of abuse in humans are contingent upon large and fast increases in dopamine that mimic but exceed in the intensity and duration those induced by dopamine cell firing to environmental events. In addition, imaging studies have also documented a role of dopamine in motivation, which appears to be encoded both by fast as well as smooth DA increases. Since dopamine cells fire in response to salient stimuli, the supraphysiological activation by drugs is likely to be experienced as highly salient (driving attention, arousal conditioned learning and motivation) and may also reset the thresholds required for environmental events to activate dopamine cells. Indeed, imaging studies have shown that in drug-addicted subjects, dopamine function is markedly disrupted (decreases in dopamine release and in dopamine D2 receptors in striatum) and this is associated with reduced activity of the orbitofrontal cortex (neuroanatomical region involved with salience attribution and motivation and implicated in compulsive behaviors) and the cingulate gyrus (neuroanatomical region involved with inhibitory control and attention and implicated in impulsivity). However, when addicted subjects are exposed to drug-related stimuli, these hypoactive regions become hyperactive in proportion to the expressed desire for the drug. We postulate that decreased dopamine function in addicted subjects results in decreased sensitivity to nondrug-related stimuli (including natural reinforcers) and disrupts frontal inhibition, both of which contribute to compulsive drug intake and impaired inhibitory control. These findings suggest new strategies for pharmacological and behavioral treatments, which focus on enhancing DA function and restoring brain circuits disrupted by chronic drug use to help motivate the addicted subject in activities that provide alternative sources of reinforcement, counteract conditioned responses, enhance their ability to control their drive to take drugs and interfere with their compulsive administration.

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“…Drugs that block DA receptors such as neuroleptics interfere with the reinforcing effects of drugs of abuse in laboratory animals (De Wit and Wise, 1977), but in humans some studies report decreases in the reinforcing effects of drugs while others do not (Brauer et al, 1997). Moreover, neuroleptics medication maybe one of potential factors contributing to stimulant abuse in schizophrenics (LeDuc and Mittleman, 1995).…”

Section: Da and Heroin Addiction Treatment Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positron Emission Tomography Molecular Imaging of Dopaminergic System in Drug Addiction

Hou¹,

Tian²,

Zhang³

2012

The Anatomical Record

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Dopamine (DA) is involved in drug reinforcement, but its role in drug addiction remains unclear. Positron emission tomography (PET) is the first technology used for the direct measurement of components of the dopaminergic system in the living human brain. In this article, we reviewed the major findings of PET imaging studies on the involvement of DA in drug addiction, especially in heroin addiction. Furthermore, we summarized PET radiotracers that have been used to study the role of DA in drug addiction. To investigate presynaptic function in drug addiction, PET tracers have been developed to measure DA synthesis and transport. For the investigation of postsynaptic function, several radioligands targeting dopamine one (D1) receptor and dopamine two (D2) receptor are extensively used in PET imaging studies. Moreover, we also summarized the PET imaging findings of heroin addiction studies, including heroin-induced DA increases and the reinforcement, role of DA in the long-term effects of heroin abuse, DA and vulnerability to heroin abuse and the treatment implications. PET imaging studies have corroborated the role of DA in drug addiction and increase our understanding the mechanism of drug addiction. Anat Rec, 295:722-733, 2012. V C 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Key words: positron emission tomography; dopamine; dopamine receptor; drug addiction; heroin BRAIN DOPAMINERGIC SYSTEM Dopamine (DA) is a catecholamine neurotransmitter in the nervous system that permits individual nerve fibers (neurons) to communicate with each other. DA has many functions in the brain, including important roles in behavior and cognition, voluntary movement, motivation, punishment and reward, sleep, mood, attention, working memory, and learning (Smythies, 2005).

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Dopamine ligands and the stimulus effects of amphetamine: animal models versus human laboratory data

Cited by 86 publications

References 93 publications

Amphetamine Primes Motivation to Gamble and Gambling-Related Semantic Networks in Problem Gamblers

Amphetamine Primes Motivation to Gamble and Gambling-Related Semantic Networks in Problem Gamblers

Dopamine in drug abuse and addiction: results from imaging studies and treatment implications

Positron Emission Tomography Molecular Imaging of Dopaminergic System in Drug Addiction

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