Amphetamine Primes Motivation to Gamble and Gambling-Related Semantic Networks in Problem Gamblers

Zack, Martin; Poulos, Constantine X.

doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300333

Cited by 130 publications

(111 citation statements)

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“…Given the apparent neurochemical similarity between gambling and psychostimulant reinforcement (Zack and Poulos, 2004), the present findings suggest that other dopamine substrates that are modulated by D2 and influence psychostimulant reinforcement, for example, D1 and D3 receptors (Xu, 1998), could well be important for gambling reinforcement. Finally, the present findings suggest that drugs that enhance dopamine transmission at the D2 substrate may be promising candidates for investigating medications for pathological gambling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Given the apparent neurochemical similarities between gambling and psychostimulant reinforcement (Zack and Poulos, 2004), research on the effects of dopamine antagonists on psychostimulant reward is relevant. Extensive research with animals using a variety of paradigms has found that D2 blockade consistently decreases the reinforcing efficacy of psychostimulant drugs (Amit and Smith, 1992;Bari and Pierce, 2005;Britton et al, 1991;Caine et al, 2002;Fletcher, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The task and stimuli are identical to those detailed in a previous study (Zack and Poulos, 2004). Salience is operationally defined as the difference in reading latency to Gambling vs Neutral words.…”

Section: Scales and Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another line of inquiry used a pharmacological crosspriming strategy to elucidate the general neurochemical mediators of gambling reinforcement (Zack and Poulos, 2004). This study found that the nonspecific dopamine agonist, d-amphetamine, selectively primed motivation to gamble in pathological gamblers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A D2 Antagonist Enhances the Rewarding and Priming Effects of a Gambling Episode in Pathological Gamblers

Zack

Poulos

2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

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154

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Previous research indicated shared neurochemical substrates for gambling and psychostimulant reward. This suggests that dopamine substrates may directly govern the reinforcement process in pathological gambling. To investigate this issue, the present study assessed the effects of the relatively selective dopamine D2 antagonist, haloperidol (3 mg, oral) on responses to actual gambling (15 min on a slot machine) in 20 non-comorbid pathological gamblers and 18 non-gambler controls in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, counterbalanced design. In gamblers, haloperidol significantly increased self-reported rewarding effects of gambling, post-game priming of desire to gamble, facilitation of reading speed to Gambling words, and gambling-induced elevation in blood pressure. In controls, haloperidol augmented gambling-induced elevation in blood pressure, but had no effect on other indices. The findings provide direct experimental evidence that the D2 substrate modulates gambling reinforcement in pathological gamblers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Scales and Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A D2 Antagonist Enhances the Rewarding and Priming Effects of a Gambling Episode in Pathological Gamblers

Zack

Poulos

2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

Self Cite

154

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“…Compared with matched healthy control subjects, pathological gamblers show reduced neuronal responses within mesostriatal nuclei while engaging in a simulated gambling behavior for monetary reward (Reuter et al, 2005). Administration of the psychostimulant, amphetamine, to pathological gamblers can prime cognitions about gambling (Zack and Poulos, 2004), whereas the D 2 receptor antagonist, haloperidol, can enhance the rewarding properties of such behavior (Zack and Poulos, 2007). Finally, accumulating evidence indicates that dopaminergic treatments are associated with pathological gambling (and other impulse control problems) in a minority of patients with Parkinson's disease (Voon et al, 2007), presumably reflecting a disturbance of dopamine's wider role in reinforcement learning and the computation of action-value relationships (Dagher and Robbins, 2009;Voon et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serotonin and Dopamine Play Complementary Roles in Gambling to Recover Losses

Campbell-Meiklejohn

Wakeley

Herbert

et al. 2010

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Continued gambling to recover lossesF'loss chasing'Fis a prominent feature of social and pathological gambling. However, little is known about the neuromodulators that influence this behavior. In three separate experiments, we investigated the role of serotonin activity, D 2 /D 3 receptor activity, and beta-adrenoceptor activity on the loss chasing of age and IQ-matched healthy adults randomized to treatment or an appropriate control/placebo. In Experiment 1, participants consumed amino-acid drinks that did or did not contain the serotonin precursor, tryptophan. In Experiment 2, participants received a single 176 mg dose of the D 2 /D 3 receptor agonist, pramipexole, or placebo. In Experiment 3, participants received a single 80 mg dose of the beta-adrenoceptor blocker, propranolol, or placebo. Following treatment, participants completed a computerized loss-chasing game. Mood and heart rate were measured at baseline and following treatment. Tryptophan depletion significantly reduced the number of decisions made to chase losses, and the number of consecutive decisions to chase, in the absence of marked changes in mood. By contrast, pramipexole significantly increased the value of losses chased and diminished the value of losses surrendered. Propranolol markedly reduced heart rate, but produced no significant changes in loss-chasing behavior. Loss chasing can be thought of as an aversively motivated escape behavior controlled, in part, by the marginal value of continued gambling relative to the value of already accumulated losses. Serotonin and dopamine appear to play dissociable roles in the tendency of individuals to gamble to recover, or to seek to 'escape' from, previous losses. Serotonergic activity seems to promote the availability of loss chasing as a behavioral option, whereas D 2 /D 3 receptor activity produces complex changes in the value of losses judged worth chasing. Sympathetic arousal, at least as mediated by beta-adrenoceptors, does not play a major role in laboratory-based loss-chasing choices.

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