Dopad transformácie poľnohospodárstva a vstupu Slovenska do Európskej únie na štruktúru pracovných síl

Abstract

The article is focused on analysing the impact of the transformation of agriculture in 1989 to employment in this sector in Slovakia. The changes that have occurred in the various structures of the labour force are related not only to the significant decline of workers in the year 1999, in particular, they relate to age and educational structure of employees. In another part of the article, the impact of the Slovakia entry into the European Union (EU) is monitored on employment in agriculture, which brought a slow-down of the decline in the number of employees. In comparison with the year 2001, the age structure of the population has worsened in recent years. The agricultural population is steadily growing older and the share of employees in the lower age groups is shrinking. The level of qualification of agricultural employees is increasing. Cooperatives are characterized by the most significant employment. In the issue of the support of the employment in agriculture in Slovakia, is necessary to promote more projects aimed at improving the age structure of the workers, to support young start-up farmers and also to support the rural diversification.Keywords: employment in agriculture, transformation of agriculture, impact of Slovakia entry to the European Union, structures of labour force, rural diversification Úvod V príspevku sledujeme dopad transformačného procesu a vstupu Slovenska do Európskej únie na zamestnanosť v poľnohospodárstve v Slovenskej republike. Skúmanie zamestnanosti patrí medzi najdôležitejšie témy analýz agrárnej ekonomiky. V príspevku sa zaoberáme ukazovateľmi štruktúry zamestnanosti podľa pohlavia, veku, vzdelania a pracovného zaradenia. Poľnohospodárstvo už nie je dominantným hospodárskym odvetvím vidieka, i napriek tomu má významnú úlohu v produkcii kvalitných potravín, v údržbe krajiny, poskytuje pracovné miesta pre vidiecke obyvateľstvo. Poľnohospodárstvo má však pre spoločnosť nenahraditeľnú úlohu v podobe zabezpečovania výživy obyvateľstva. Z toho vyplýva, že jeho produkčná funkcia je najdôležitejšia. V súčasnosti v ekonomike vidieka významnú rolu získavajú malé a stredné podniky, rodinné podniky spracovateľského priemyslu, mladí farmári a renesancia remesiel, čo

Three decades of economic changes of rural Slovakia

“…This corresponds to the reduction of overemployment, especially in industrial and agricultural sectors, while creation of new jobs was not sufficient to offset the losses (cf. Némethová & Jaďuďová, 2018). This is also documented by the unemployment rate, which rose from 6.6% in 1991 to almost 20% in 2001.…”

“…This can be related primarily to two factors. First, it is a fertile lowland area in which agriculture had an above-average presence during the socialist period (Baláž, 2004;Némethová & Jaďuďová, 2018). This was characterized by a high rate of overemployment, and new economic activities in the post-socialist period did not compensate for the drop in employment in agriculture.…”