Donnan Membrane Process for the Selective Recovery and Removal of Target Metal Ions—A Mini Review

Abstract

Membrane-based water purification technologies contribute significantly to water settings, where it is imperative to use low-cost energy sources to make the process economically and technically competitive for large-scale applications. Donnan membrane processes (DMPs) are driven by a potential gradient across an ion exchange membrane and have an advantage over fouling in conventional pressure driven membrane technologies, which are gaining attention. DMP is a removal, recovery and recycling technology that is commonly used for separation, purification and the concentrating of metals in different water and waste streams. In this study, the principle and application of DMP for sustainable wastewater treatment and prospects of chemical remediation are reviewed and discussed. In addition, the separation of dissolved metal ions in wastewater settings without the use of pressure driven gradients or external energy supply membrane technologies is highlighted. Furthermore, DMP distinctive configurations and operational factors are explored and the prospects of integrating them into the wastewater treatment plants are recommended.

Membrane Bioreactors for Produced Water Treatment: A Mini-Review

“…On the side of EMBRs, hydrophobic-organophilic membranes are used to provide selective transport of specific toxic recalcitrant organic compounds such as dichloroaniline, chloronitrobenzene, phenol, nitrates, and many more through the solution-diffusion mechanism into biofilms for biodegradation as the wastewater passes through the membrane lumen [ 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 ]. The IEMBR was patented two decades ago and it incorporates Donnan dialysis, a concentration gradient driven counter transport process where the feed stream with targeted ionic pollutants pass through a non-porous anion exchange membrane into a receiving bio-compartment, which bio reduces under anoxic conditions [ 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 ]. This includes the electrodialysis ion exchange membrane bioreactor (EDIMB) and the innovative osmotic membrane bioreactor (OsMBR) which has also been investigated independently on a laboratory scale [ 109 , 110 ].…”

Donnan dialysis for phosphate recovery from diverted urine

“…Driver counterions permeate from the higher concentration RS to the lower concentration FS. Because co-ions are rejected by the charge-selective membrane, target counterions in the FS migrate across the membrane in the opposite direction, into the RS, to preserve electroneutrality (Asante-Sackey et al, 2021;Chen et al, 2014;Hichour et al, 2000;Sarkar et al, 2010;Shashvatt et al, 2021;Velizarov, 2013;Yan et al, 2018), i.e., the electrochemical potential gradient across the IEM drives the exchange of counterions between the FS and RS in DD, with co-ions retained in the initial solutions (Sarkar et al, 2010). Note that the charge fluxes of driver and target ions must be equal to maintain electroneutrality.…”

ISIDORE, a Probe for In Situ Trace Metal Speciation Based on the Donnan Membrane Technique and Electrochemical Detection Part 2: Cd and Pb Measurements during the Accumulation Time of the Donnan Membrane Technique

“…Finally, DMT seems to be the best combination of signal interpretation, robustness, and ease of use of in in situ exposure techniques. The technique was developed and used for free metal ion measurement of cations such as Cd 2+ , Pb 2+ , Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ , and Eu 3+ [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. While the complexity of this equipment did not allow it to be transported to the field for in situ measurements in natural waters, Parat et al (2015) overcame this problem by developing a new probe based on the hyphenation of a DMT device with a screen-printed sensor [ 27 ].…”