Dominance of Giardia duodenalis assemblage A and Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotype BEB6 in sheep in Inner Mongolia, China

Ye, Jianbin; Xiao, Lihua; Wang, Yuanfei; Guo, Yaqiong; Roellig, Dawn M.; Feng, Yaoyu

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.04.011

Cited by 61 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Genotype BEB6 appears to be a common genotype in ruminants, such as cattle, sheep, goats, alpacas, and deer Sak et al 2011;Ye et al 2015;Zhang et al 2015). This genotype has also been found in rhesus macaques, cats, children, and wastewater in China (Table 4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…, ; Ye et al. ), three genotypes (CS‐1, CS‐4, and G) have been detected in nonhuman primates and pigs (Karim et al. ; Li et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the 15 known genotypes, six (BEB6, D, EbpA, EbpC, O, and Peru8) have been detected in humans and diverse animal hosts in many countries throughout the world (Karim et al 2014b;Sant ın and Fayer 2011;Wang et al 2013a, b). Genotype CHG19 has been detected in goats (Gen-Bank: KP262374), three genotypes (CM6, CM7, and CM8) have been detected in nonhuman primates and sheep (Karim et al 2014bYe et al 2015), three genotypes (CS-1, CS-4, and G) have been detected in nonhuman primates and pigs Li et al 2014;N emejc et al 2014), and two genotypes (horse1 and horse2) have been detected in horses (Laatamna et al 2015;Sant ın et al 2010;Wagnerov a et al 2012). A phylogenetic analysis of the ITS sequences showed that all the genotypes of E. bieneusi can be divided into nine different groups .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enterocytozoon bieneusi Genotypes in Grazing Horses in China and their Zoonotic Transmission Potential

Wang

et al. 2016

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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In present study, 262 fecal specimens were collected from 12 groups of grazing horses in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. The specimens were subjected to PCR and sequencing analyses of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS). The overall prevalence of E. bieneusi in horses was 30.9% (81/262). No significant differences in prevalence were observed between horses of different ages or sexes. Nineteen genotypes were identified: 15 known genotypes (BEB6, CHG19, CM6, CM7, CM8, CS-1, CS-4, D, EpbA, EbpC, G, horse1, horse2, O, and Peru8) and four new genotypes (XJH1-XJH4). Six of these genotypes were previously detected in humans: BEB6, D, EbpA, EbpC, O, and Peru8. Genotype EbpC was the most prevalent (21/81), followed by EpbA (20/81), BEB6 (9/81), CM6 (4/81), horse1 (4/81), O (4/81), G (3/81), CHG19 (2/81), CM7 (2/81), horse2 (2/81), and XJH1 (2/81), whereas the remaining eight genotypes were seen in one specimen each. In a phylogenetic analysis, 14 genotypes (65/81, 80.2%), excluding genotypes BEB6, CM7, horse2, XJH1, and XJH4, belonged to group 1, which have zoonotic potential. The high diversity in the E. bieneusi genotypes and their zoonotic potential suggest that grazing horses are a potential source of zoonotic infection in humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…, ; Ye et al. ), three genotypes (CS‐1, CS‐4, and G) have been detected in nonhuman primates and pigs (Karim et al. ; Li et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enterocytozoon bieneusi Genotypes in Grazing Horses in China and their Zoonotic Transmission Potential

Wang

et al. 2016

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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“…Among these genotypes, BEB6 occurred in the highest percentage of E. bieneusi -positive specimens (59.3%, 131/221) and displayed the widest distribution across farms, which is consistent with the results of Zhao et al (2014), who reported that BEB6 accounted for 69.0% of E. bieneusi isolates. This genotype appears to be common in ruminants, including cattle, sheep, goats, golden takins, deer, and alpacas (Li et al, 2014; Zhao et al, 2014; Zhao G.-H. et al, 2015; Ye et al, 2015; Shi et al, 2016). BEB6 has also been found in humans, rhesus macaques, cats, horses, and wastewater in China (Li et al, 2012; Wang et al, 2013a; Karim et al, 2014a,b; Qi et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi Isolated from Sika Deer and Red Deer in China

et al. 2017

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To examine the occurrence and genotype distribution of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in cervids, 615 fecal samples were collected from red deer (Cervus elaphus) and sika deer (Cervus nippon) on 10 different farms in Henan and Jilin Province. Enterocytozoon bieneusi was identified and genotyped with a nested PCR analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rRNA genes, showing an average infection rate of 35.9% (221/615). In this study, 25 ITS genotypes were identified including seven known genotypes (BEB6, EbpC, EbpA, D, HLJDI, HLJD-IV, and COS-I) and 18 novel genotypes (designated JLD-I to JLD-XIV, HND-I to HND-IV). Among these, BEB6 (131/221, 59.3%) was the predominant genotype (P < 0.01), followed by HLJDI (18/221, 8.1%) and JLD-VIII (16/221, 7.2%). BEB6 has recently been detected in humans and nonhuman primates in China. The phylogenetic analysis showed that BEB6, HLJDI, HLJD-IV, COS-I, and 10 novel genotypes (JLD-VII to JLD-XIV, HND-III to HND-IV) clustered in group 2. Genotype D, EbpC, and EbpA, known to cause human microsporidiosis worldwide, clustered in group 1, the members of which have zoonotic potential, together with eight novel genotypes (JLD-I to JLD-VI, HND-I to HND-II). Therefore, deer may play a role in the transmission of E. bieneusi to humans.

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“…The detection of G. duodenalis was conducted using nested PCR analysis of the triosephosphate isomerase (tpi), ␤-giardin (bg), and glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) genes as described previously (30). Nested PCR analysis of an ϳ500-bp fragment of the rRNA gene containing the entire internal transcribed spacer (ITS) was used in the detection of E. bieneusi (5).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Transport of Emerging Human-Pathogenic Cryptosporidium Species and Subtypes through Combined Sewer Overflow and Wastewater

Huang

Wang

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The environmental transport of Cryptosporidium spp. through combined sewer overflow (CSO) and the occurrence of several emerging human-pathogenic Cryptosporidium species in developing countries remain unclear. In this study, we collected 40 CSO samples and 40 raw wastewater samples from Shanghai, China, and examined them by PCR and DNA sequencing for Cryptosporidium species (targeting the small subunit rRNA gene) and Giardia duodenalis (targeting the triosephosphate isomerase, ␤-giardin, and glutamate dehydrogenase genes) and Enterocytozoon bieneusi (targeting the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer) genotypes. Human-pathogenic Cryptosporidium species were further subtyped by sequence analysis of the 60-kDa glycoprotein gene, with additional multilocus sequence typing on the emerging zoonotic pathogen Cryptosporidium ubiquitum. Cryptosporidium spp., G. duodenalis, and E. bieneusi were detected in 12 and 15, 33 and 32, and 37 and 40 CSO and wastewater samples, respectively, including 10 Cryptosporidium species, 3 G. duodenalis assemblages, and 8 E. bieneusi genotypes. In addition to Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum, two new pathogens identified in industrialized nations, C. ubiquitum and Cryptosporidium viatorum, were frequently detected. The two novel C. ubiquitum subtype families identified appeared to be genetic recombinants of known subtype families. Similarly, the dominant group 1 E. bieneusi genotypes and G. duodenalis subassemblage AII are known human pathogens. The similar distribution of human-pathogenic Cryptosporidium species and E. bieneusi and G. duodenalis genotypes between wastewater and CSO samples reaffirms that storm overflow is potentially a significant contamination source of pathogens in surface water. The frequent identification of C. ubiquitum and C. viatorum in urban wastewater suggests that these newly identified human pathogens may be endemic in China.IMPORTANCE Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi are major waterborne pathogens. Their transport into surface water through combined sewer overflow, which remains largely untreated in developing countries, has not been examined. In addition, the identification of these pathogens to genotypes and subtypes in urban storm overflow and wastewater is necessary for rapid and accurate assessment of pathogen transmission in humans and transport in the environment. Data from this study suggest that, like untreated urban wastewater, combined sewer overflow is commonly contaminated with human-pathogenic Cryptosporidium, G.

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Dominance of Giardia duodenalis assemblage A and Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotype BEB6 in sheep in Inner Mongolia, China

Cited by 61 publications

References 23 publications

Enterocytozoon bieneusi Genotypes in Grazing Horses in China and their Zoonotic Transmission Potential

Enterocytozoon bieneusi Genotypes in Grazing Horses in China and their Zoonotic Transmission Potential

New Genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi Isolated from Sika Deer and Red Deer in China

Environmental Transport of Emerging Human-Pathogenic Cryptosporidium Species and Subtypes through Combined Sewer Overflow and Wastewater

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