Domestication of northern sandalwood (<i>Santalum lanceolatum</i>, Santalaceae) for Indigenous forestry on the Cape York Peninsula

Lee, David J; Burridge, A. J.; Page, Tony; Huth, J R; Thompson, Nile

doi:10.1080/00049158.2018.1543567

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This can potentially maximise germplasm access and production benefits for growers (Simons & Leakey 2004), reduce risks associated with the loss of genetic diversity (Leakey 2019), and reduce the need for funding continuity through a more formal centralised system. A participatory approach to tree domestication has been implemented successfully across a wide range of culturally useful species (Leakey et al 2012), including sandalwood in Cape York Peninsula (Lee et al 2018). Using a participatory method for Vanuatu sandalwood to make improved germplasm more widely available could stimulate greater investment in sandalwood restoration and improve the future quality of traded sandalwood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restoration of Vanuatu sandalwood (Santalum austrocaledonicum) through participatory domestication

Page

Doran

Tungon

et al. 2020

Australian Forestry

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Sandalwood (Santalum austrocaledonicum) is a fragrant tree of cultural and commercial importance in Vanuatu. The trade in its wild products has long provided income to landowners on remote islands. Due to unmanaged harvesting, however, wild sources of sandalwood in Vanuatu have declined in recent years. Domestication of the species and deployment of improved germplasm through smallholders can facilitate its restoration through circa situm plantings. Recognising the need to transition from wild harvest, landowners have commenced planting the species in home gardens and using it to enrich agricultural fallows and natural vegetation. Improvement of sandalwood through domestication has the potential to increase tree productivity, heartwood volumes and heartwood oil quality. This can enhance income and livelihood benefits associated with smallholder-planted sandalwood in Vanuatu. This paper outlines a strategy for participatory domestication to ensure that improved sandalwood germplasm is available for domestic sandalwood growers. The amount of the oil-bearing heartwood determines the commercial value of individual trees, which is linked to growth rates, heartwood oil concentration and chemical composition. There is substantial tree-to-tree and provenance-based variation in all these characteristics on which to base its domestication. The domestication strategy has been developed with consideration of the resources and capacities of stakeholders in Vanuatu. It is based on conventional approaches to plant improvement and the engagement of landowners to enhance germplasm deployment and manage institutional and environmental risk. The current breeding population comprises a grafted clonal archive of 39 genotypes selected from more than 250 wild trees sampled throughout the country. These genotypes were selected for their elevated levels of key oil components α-and βsantalol across seven island provenances. This breeding population has been deployed successfully as small clonal seed orchards on seven islands (Santo, Pentecost, Malekula, Ambrym, Epi, Efate and Tanna) to provide improved seed where it is needed most. The genetic base of established orchards will be expanded by introducing new selections from planted and wild populations in a 'rolling front' breeding strategy, as described in this paper. Families in the breeding population will be tested in progeny trials on participating islands to assess their genetic performance and retention in seed orchards, with later conversion to seedling seed orchards. The participatory approach to domestication and the deployment of germplasm provides a sound genetic foundation for landowner-driven sandalwood restoration in Vanuatu.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restoration of Vanuatu sandalwood (Santalum austrocaledonicum) through participatory domestication

Page

Doran

Tungon

et al. 2020

Australian Forestry

Self Cite

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“…So the picture shows that if the community is given vibrant community business capital to run a sandalwood development business. Sandalwood development is embraced by planting on customary land for commercial and economic purposes (Lee et al 2019). The Maudemo and Aidabaleten Villages communities require 93% sandalwood seedlings subsidies, and 69% say there is no sandalwood seedling subsidy by the government.…”

Section: Policies For Incentives and Subsidies From The Governmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The decision implemented by the government currently does not support the development of sandalwood. Community involvement in sandalwood cultivation is important to improve their economy through the development sandalwood industry (Lee et al 2019). The community is expected to become workers in sandalwood entrepreneurs and be able to grow sandalwood on their large land.…”

Section: Academicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sandalwood (Santalum album Linn) development strategy to improve the economics society in Timor-Leste: community views

Rojario¹,

Rusdiana

Ichwandi

2022

JPSL

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Sandalwood (Santalum album Linn) is an endemic plant of TimorLeste that has high economic value and needs to be developed to achieve prosper society and the country. This research aims to discover people'sperceptions of sandalwood development in Timor-Leste. Data is obtained using questionnaires, surveys, observations, and documentation. The population from this study is 84 respondents consisting of 15% of the family head in both villages Maudemo and Aidabaleten based on the agricultural census 2019. Data was collected using a 15% sample. Data are analyzed descriptively with statistical percentage techniques with every possibility of the answers obtained from sharing the frequency received by the number ofsamples multiplied by 100%. The results showed that 100% of the community knew sandalwood well and its economic value. Many people have not planted and adopted government programs to grow sandalwood, community 8% have land above 1 hectare. The community 100% and 98% in both villages knowthat the government has conducted a planting program. The public has not adopted government programs, with respondents 88% in the village of Maudemo and 36% in the village of Aidabaleten. The community does not have business capital, so it needs seedling subsidies with respondents 100% and 69%, incentives 100% and 95%, and bank credit 100% and 88% in both villages. Massive sandalwood development requires government policies to socialize programs, laws, and regulations on sandalwood development. Therefore, a policy from the government is required to provide seedlings, incentives, and bank credit to the community.

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“…• Santalum lanceolatum (northern sandalwood)-native to northern Australia. The heartwood of this species generally produces an oil of inferior quality, with the exception of some trees on Cape York Peninsula, which may have oil profiles closer to East Indian sandalwood (Page et al 2007;Lee et al 2019).…”

Section: Santalum-the Genusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Looking ahead – global sandalwood production and markets in 2040, and implications for Pacific Island producers

Thomson

2020

Australian Forestry

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Sandalwood has distinct, high-value end uses that function to underpin its price and maintain demand in different market segments and regions. These uses and markets include essential oil from its heartwood as an ingredient (providing woody base notes and fixative properties) in fine perfumes, exclusive natural body-care products and new pharmaceuticals, especially for European and North American markets; in solid furniture, carvings, traditional medicines and religious uses in China, the Republic of Korea and Japan; for attars 1 funeral pyres and chewing tobaccos in India; and customary uses in the Middle East. The markets for sandalwood heartwood and oils from Pacific Island countries have been strong and have continually diversified since exports to China commenced over 200 years ago. The global sandalwood market remains buoyant, with 2019 wholesale prices of Santalum album oil ranging from USD 1750 kg −1 (unlicensed production through Dubai) to USD 2100 kg −1 for licensed production from India and USD 2000-2500 kg −1 as wholesale price for Australian S. album plantation oil. The wholesale price for S. austrocaledonicum oil is USD 1500-1750 kg −1 . The heartwood (air-dried) of S. album is mostly traded by growers for more than USD 100 kg −1 . The price for Fiji's S. yasi heartwood (partly to fully air-dried, 'village gate' price) for carving, furniture, and oil distillation has increased steadily to USD 50 kg −1 in 2019 while the price for grade 1 S. austrocaledonicum heartwood (partly to fully air-dried; 'on the beach' price) is USD 35 kg −1 . The global market for sandalwood products, sustainably sourced from a growing plantation resource in Australia, Asia and the Pacific Islands, is predicted to remain strong up to and beyond 2040. The high rate of increase in sandalwood prices in recent decades is unlikely to continue, however, due to both an expanding supply from increasingly better-managed plantations and the likelihood that, in the longer term, genetic improvement and the adoption of technological innovations will induce earlier and greater heartwood yields in planted sandalwood. Nevertheless, sandalwood prices will remain sufficiently high to make agroforestry cultivation a commercially attractive proposition for efficient Pacific Island sandalwood growers. This paper provides a prognosis for the production of and demand for sandalwood in 2040 for major sandalwood producer regions (Australia, India, Indonesia, Timor-Leste and the Pacific Island nations) and markets (China, Europe, Japan, the Republic of Korea, the Middle East, North America and the United Kingdom). These estimates of production and demand were made to inform prospective sandalwood growers, and especially smallholders in Pacific Island countries, on the likelihood that the current strong demand and prices will continue and the extent to which export/international markets will be affected by the large sandalwood plantations now being established in several countries.

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Domestication of northern sandalwood (Santalum lanceolatum, Santalaceae) for Indigenous forestry on the Cape York Peninsula

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

Restoration of Vanuatu sandalwood (Santalum austrocaledonicum) through participatory domestication

Restoration of Vanuatu sandalwood (Santalum austrocaledonicum) through participatory domestication

Sandalwood (Santalum album Linn) development strategy to improve the economics society in Timor-Leste: community views

Looking ahead – global sandalwood production and markets in 2040, and implications for Pacific Island producers

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