Domesticated retroviral GAG gene in Drosophila: New functions for an old gene

Нефедова, Л. Н.; Kuzmin, I. V.; Makhnovskii, Pavel A.; Kim, A.I.

doi:10.1016/j.virol.2013.12.024

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Gagr homologs are found in all sequenced genomes of the genus Drosophila; their structure is maintained by stabilizing selection, which indicates the important function of the Gagr gene. Earlier, we have shown that, despite a high conservatism of the gene structure as a whole, its individual sections are under the influence of motif selection, as a result of which the products of the Gagr gene and its homologs from the melanogaster subgroup evolved towards the acquisition of a transmembrane domain [17]. At the same time, as shown in the present work, the promoter region of the gene underwent evolution, and as a result, binding sites for the transcription factor STAT appeared.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Drosophila studies allow us to expand our understanding of the role of domesticated genes of retroelements in the host organism. Drosophila has two examples of domestication of the env and gag genes of LTR-retrotransposons -the Iris and Gagr genes, respectively [17,58]. Gagr homologs are found in all sequenced genomes of the genus Drosophila; their structure is maintained by stabilizing selection, which indicates the important function of the Gagr gene.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At present, the specific function of Gagr is unknown and little is known about the regulation of its expression. Orthologs of this gene are found in all sequenced genomes of the Drosophila genus; they possess a highly conservative structure and are the result of long-term domestication [17]. There are several research results for the Gagr gene that indirectly indicate its involvement in a number of important processes related to stress reactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Domesticated gag Gene of Drosophila LTR Retrotransposons Is Involved in Response to Oxidative Stress

Makhnovskii

Balakireva

Нефедова

et al. 2020

Genes

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Drosophila melanogaster is one of the most extensively used genetic model organisms for studying LTR retrotransposons that are represented by various groups in its genome. However, the phenomenon of molecular domestication of LTR retrotransposons has been insufficiently studied in Drosophila, as well as in other invertebrates. The present work is devoted to studying the role of the domesticated gag gene, Gagr, in the Drosophila genome. The Gagr gene has been shown to be involved in the response to stress caused by exposure to ammonium persulfate, but not in the stress response to oligomycin A, zeomycin, and cadmium chloride. Ammonium persulfate tissue specifically activates the expression of Gagr in the tissues of the carcass, but not in the gut. We found that the Gagr gene promoter contains one binding motif for the transcription factor kayak, a component of the JNK signaling pathway, and two binding motifs for the transcription factor Stat92E, a component of the Jak-STAT signaling pathway. Remarkably, Gagr orthologs contain the second binding motif for Stat92E only in D. melanogaster, D. simulans and D. sechellia, whereas in D. yakuba and D. erecta, Gagr orthologs contain a single motif, and there are no binding sites for Stat92E in the promoters of Gagr orthologs in D. ananassae and in species outside the melanogaster group. The data obtained indicate the formation of the protective function of the Gagr gene during evolution.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Domesticated gag Gene of Drosophila LTR Retrotransposons Is Involved in Response to Oxidative Stress

Makhnovskii

Balakireva

Нефедова

et al. 2020

Genes

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“…D. melanogaster could be a good model for such research because its genome contains both gag and env homologs. It has been shown that both genes are under strong selection [51,52]. Currently, their functions are being actively studied, and it is possible that both genes are involved in the defense against viral infections.…”

Section: Consequences Of the Retroelement Transpositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of LTR‐Retroelement Transposition: Lessons from Drosophila melanogaster

Нефедова

Kim

2017

Viruses

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Long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons occupy a special place among all mobile genetic element families. The structure of LTR retrotransposons that have three open reading frames is identical to DNA forms of retroviruses that are integrated into the host genome. Several lines of evidence suggest that LTR retrotransposons share a common ancestry with retroviruses and thus are highly relevant to understanding mechanisms of transposition. Drosophila melanogaster is an exceptionally convenient model for studying the mechanisms of retrotransposon movement because many such elements in its genome are transpositionally active. Moreover, two LTR-retrotransposons of D. melanogaster, gypsy and ZAM, have been found to have infectious properties and have been classified as errantiviruses. Despite numerous studies focusing on retroviral integration process, there is still no clear understanding of integration specificity in a target site. Most LTR retrotransposons non-specifically integrate into a target site. Site-specificity of integration at vertebrate retroviruses is rather relative. At the same time, sequence-specific integration is the exclusive property of errantiviruses and their derivatives with two open reading frames. The possible basis for the errantivirus integration specificity is discussed in the present review.

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“…Interestingly, it should be noted that gag - and env -related sequences were identified in Drosophila genomes [ 8 , 9 ] mirroring viral gene domestication events described in vertebrates. However, the cellular roles of these Drosophila putative proteins remain to be demonstrated.…”

Section: Gypsy: An Errantivirus Of Drmentioning

confidence: 99%

In between: Gypsy in Drosophila melanogaster Reveals New Insights into Endogenous Retrovirus Evolution

Touret

Guiguen

Greenland

et al. 2014

Viruses

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Retroviruses are RNA viruses that are able to synthesize a DNA copy of their genome and insert it into a chromosome of the host cell. Sequencing of different eukaryote genomes has revealed the presence of many such endogenous retroviral sequences. The mechanisms by which these retroviral sequences have colonized the genome are still unknown, and the endogenous retrovirus gypsy of Drosophila melanogaster is a powerful experimental model for deciphering this process in vivo. Gypsy is expressed in a layer of somatic cells, and then transferred into the oocyte by an unknown mechanism. This critical step is the start of the endogenization process. Moreover gypsy has been shown to have infectious properties, probably due to its envelope gene acquired from a baculovirus. Recently we have also shown that gypsy maternal transmission is reduced in the presence of the endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia. These studies demonstrate that gypsy is a unique and powerful model for understanding the endogenization of retroviruses.

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Domesticated retroviral GAG gene in Drosophila: New functions for an old gene

Cited by 22 publications

References 29 publications

Domesticated gag Gene of Drosophila LTR Retrotransposons Is Involved in Response to Oxidative Stress

Domesticated gag Gene of Drosophila LTR Retrotransposons Is Involved in Response to Oxidative Stress

Mechanisms of LTR‐Retroelement Transposition: Lessons from Drosophila melanogaster

In between: Gypsy in Drosophila melanogaster Reveals New Insights into Endogenous Retrovirus Evolution

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