In between: Gypsy in Drosophila melanogaster Reveals New Insights into Endogenous Retrovirus Evolution

Touret, Franck; Guiguen, François; Greenland, Timothy; Terzian, Christophe

doi:10.3390/v6124914

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(39 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Finally, we tested whether the shortened lifespan of piRNA pathway mutants was dependent upon TE activity. Many TEs in Drosophila are retrotransposons, including gypsy , and depend upon reverse transcriptase for their replicative mobility32. Administration of a known reverse transcriptase inhibitor, 3TC, inhibits the normal age-related increase in gypsy mobilization and extends the shortened lifespan of Dcr-2 mutants, another condition in which derepression of TEs occurs9.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A somatic piRNA pathway in the Drosophila fat body ensures metabolic homeostasis and normal lifespan

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In gonadal tissues, the Piwi-interacting (piRNA) pathway preserves genomic integrity by employing 23–29 nucleotide (nt) small RNAs complexed with argonaute proteins to suppress parasitic mobile sequences of DNA called transposable elements (TEs). Although recent evidence suggests that the piRNA pathway may be present in select somatic cells outside the gonads, the role of a non-gonadal somatic piRNA pathway is not well characterized. Here we report a functional somatic piRNA pathway in the adult Drosophila fat body including the presence of the piRNA effector protein Piwi and canonical 23–29 nt long TE-mapping piRNAs. The piwi mutants exhibit depletion of fat body piRNAs, increased TE mobilization, increased levels of DNA damage and reduced lipid stores. These mutants are starvation sensitive, immunologically compromised and short-lived, all phenotypes associated with compromised fat body function. These findings demonstrate the presence of a functional non-gonadal somatic piRNA pathway in the adult fat body that affects normal metabolism and overall organismal health.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A somatic piRNA pathway in the Drosophila fat body ensures metabolic homeostasis and normal lifespan

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Another element in D. melanogaster, Grp, thought to be the gag gene of a gypsy element, is expressed in an age-and gender-specific manner in the insects and also may provide protection (127). The insect ERVs have provided a rich resource for understanding the endogenization process (128).…”

Section: Endogenous Retrovirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symbiosis: Viruses as Intimate Partners

Roossinck

Bazán

2017

Annu. Rev. Virol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Viruses must establish an intimate relationship with their hosts and vectors in order to infect, replicate, and disseminate; hence, viruses can be considered as symbionts with their hosts. Symbiotic relationships encompass different lifestyles, including antagonistic (or pathogenic, the most well-studied lifestyle for viruses), commensal (probably the most common lifestyle), and mutualistic (important beneficial partners). Symbiotic relationships can shape the evolution of the partners in a holobiont, and placing viruses in this context provides an important framework for understanding virus-host relationships and virus ecology. Although antagonistic relationships are thought to lead to coevolution, this is not always clear in virus-host interactions, and impacts on evolution may be complex. Commensalism implies a hitchhiking role for viruses-selfish elements just along for the ride. Mutualistic relationships have been described in detail in the past decade, and they reveal how important viruses are in considering host ecology. Ultimately, symbiosis can lead to symbiogenesis, or speciation through fusion, and the presence of large amounts of viral sequence in the genomes of everything from bacteria to humans, including some important functional genes, illustrates the significance of viral symbiogenesis in the evolution of all life on Earth.

show abstract

“…gypsy (Song et al, 1994;Teysset et al, 1998;Touret et al, 2014), emerged upregulated 101 in TBPH-minus heads compared to controls demonstrating by a different methodology 102 that the activity of this retrotransposon was increased in mutant tissues ( Figure 1C). More 103 importantly, we found that the genetic expression of the TBPH protein was able to 104 repress the activation of accord and gypsy in TBPH mutant backgrounds, demonstrating 105 that the role of TBPH was rather specific ( Figure 1B and C).…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

Endogenous TDP-43 prevents retrotransposons activation through Dicer-2 activity and the RNA silencing machinery in Drosophila neurons

Feiguin

Romano

Klima

2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

16 17 The aberrant expression of retrotransposable elements (RTEs) was observed in 18 different neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), 19 a terminal disorder characterized by functional alterations in the small RNA-20 binding protein TDP-43, suggesting that these events might be connected. Using 21 genome wide gene expression profiles, we detected RTEs highly upregulated in 22 TDP-43-null Drosophila heads while, the genetic rescue of TDP-43 function reverted 23 these modifications. Furthermore, we found that TDP-43 modulates the small 24 interfering RNA (siRNA) silencing machinery responsible for RTEs repression. 25 Molecularly, we observed that TDP-43 regulates the expression levels of Dicer-2 by 26 direct protein-mRNA interactions in vivo. Accordingly, the genetic or 27 pharmacological recovery of Dicer-2 activity was sufficient to repress 28 retrotransposons activation and revert the neurodegeneration in TDP-43-null 29 Drosophila motoneurons. Our results, describe a novel physiological role of 30 endogenous TDP-43 in the prevention of RTEs-induced neurodegeneration through 31 the modulation of Dicer-2 activity and the siRNA pathway. 32 33 42 the symptoms of the disease and were observed in the great majority of the sporadic and 43 familial cases of ALS (Sreedharan et al., 2008). However, is still a matter of debate how 44 histological alterations in TDP-43 lead to neurodegeneration. In this direction, 45experiments performed in transgenic animals indicated that TDP-43 is an aggregation 46 prone protein that induce neurodegeneration when overexpressed in neuronal tissues 47

show abstract

In between: Gypsy in Drosophila melanogaster Reveals New Insights into Endogenous Retrovirus Evolution

Cited by 6 publications

References 43 publications

A somatic piRNA pathway in the Drosophila fat body ensures metabolic homeostasis and normal lifespan

A somatic piRNA pathway in the Drosophila fat body ensures metabolic homeostasis and normal lifespan

Symbiosis: Viruses as Intimate Partners

Endogenous TDP-43 prevents retrotransposons activation through Dicer-2 activity and the RNA silencing machinery in Drosophila neurons

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About