Domestic Violence Subjected to Different Patterns of Cultural Marriage

Abstract

Violence against women and girls and its legal, social, psychological and related issues are not a new topic in social science. However, it has attracted a significant amount of attention from many researchers and still needs further investigation. Among different sources provoking violence against females such as gender inequality, insufficient protective legal systems, cultural pressure and etc., different marital patterns have been reported by the informants of this research. Child marriage, consanguineous marriage and unregistered/white marriage put girls and women in a vulnerable position. For example, under the pressure of abusive behavior in family, females escape from patriarchal family, leave their city/country and live as a refugee. In more severe cases, they attempt suicide under the pressure of pain and suffering. In comparison with developed countries where the human rights of the female are well-established and such marital patterns are not seen, these types of martial patterns are reported in patriarchal societies. Therefore, this study introduces these patterns and describes their effects on provoking the domestic violence. Through interview sessions with victims of domestic violence, a qualitative methodology was used to gain in-depth information. To avoid or reduce the financial, emotional and physical costs of domestic violence, it is necessary that counselors, health care provider systems, society and authorities prioritize prevention methods and intervention programs to improve the cultural level of the society and to encourage people toward developing a violence-free society.

Japanese Educators’ Knowledge of DV

“…Of the school nurses, 54.2% responded that they had experience educating high school students on dating violence and 11.9% responded that they had conducted a short course on dating violence with all staff members. In other country, Cambodia is improving legal awareness about DV between men and women [8], also Persian society provoke DV because of marriage pattern, so they suggest to educate girls [9].…”

Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence Against Arab Women in Consanguineous Marriages

“…Marriage between close relatives has been practiced since the early existence of human society (Younis et al 2018). The practice of consanguinity, defined broadly as marriages or unions between individuals of the same blood, has declined significantly in Western countries (Boujarian et al 2016;Barakat and Basten 2014) and is both declining and increasing in Middle Eastern countries (Khalil and Daradka 2015). Rates of consanguinity may vary within and between populations because of the influence of many factors, including culture, geography, ethnicity, and religion (Bhinder et al 2019).…”

“…Over the past two decades, there have been considerable changes in Middle Eastern countries that have contributed to increasing women's participation in higher education and the paid labor force, but these changes have not necessarily shifted traditional marriage structures such as consanguineous marriage (Boujarian et al 2016). There has been limited research exploring either the experiences of women in consanguineous marriages in Arab countries regarding IPV or the prevalence.…”

“…In a study conducted with Iranian and Afghan (including Arab) women (Boujarian et al 2016), another dynamic arising from the consanguineous marriage practice is brought to light. It may be that both members of the couple marry out of duty to adhere to agreements made by their families (Boujarian et al 2016). In the interviews conducted, women spoke of their husband also not having a choice in the arrangement of their marriage: "when he started abusing me, I found he also was not interested on me.…”

The Effectiveness of a Domestic Violence Prevention Program in Japanese Agricultural University

“…Among various sources provoking the DV, one may refer to cultural pressure, gender inequality, insufficient legal and protective system, lack of financial support and incomes, social and religious factors, marriage patterns, etc. (Boujarian et al 2016). In Japan, the most recent large-scale survey on the current state of the damages caused by DV was conducted by the Gender Equality Bureau Cabinet Office in 2018 on violence from a spouse or a past-spouse (participants were 3,376 individuals, 1,807 women, and 1,569 men).…”