Domestic dog ownership: a risk factor for human infection with Leishmania (viannia) species

Reithinger, Richard; Espinoza, Juan Canales; Llanos-Cuentas, Alejandro; Davies, Clive R.

doi:10.1016/s0035-9203(03)90101-5

Cited by 32 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Although there was a slight difference in age-prevalence curves observed between years ( Figure 3D), both cross-sectional and prospective analyses gave similar results with incidence and recovery rates were estimated to be ≈ 0.3 dogs/year and ≈ 0.5 dogs/year, respectively ( Figures 3A and E). The reason why estimates from cross-sectional and prospective data were slightly different is because ACL transmission is likely to be heterogeneous, 9,12,15 as shown by the different prevalence of infection and incidence rates between study villages, valleys and years (Tables 1 and 2); 12 ACL transmission in Huánuco is seasonal, with a peak transmission season between May and August after the yearly rainy season (January to April). Other factors that will affect L. (Viannia) transmission rates between villages or valleys are temperature and altitude, factors that will influence sand fly vector ecology and thus, vectorial capacity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Transmission Dynamics of Canine American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Huánuco, Peru

Reithinger¹,

Espinoza²,

Davies³

2003

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. The epidemiology of canine American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) due to Leishmania (Viannia) spp. was investigated in Huánuco, Peru to 1) describe the natural course of canine L. (Viannia) infections and 2) assess the role of domestic dogs as ACL reservoir hosts. Over a three-year period 1,022 dogs were surveyed, with cumulative village L. (Viannia) prevalence being 26% (range ‫ס‬ 0−100%). The incidence of L. (Viannia) was estimated to be 0.285 dogs/year (95% confidence interval [CI] ‫ס‬ 0.160−0.410) using cross-sectional data and 0.291 dogs/year (95% CI ‫ס‬ 0.195−0.387) using data from 108 dogs that were surveyed prospectively. The recovery rate was estimated to be 0.456 dogs/year (95% CI ‫ס‬ 0.050−0.862) and 0.520 dogs/year (95% CI ‫ס‬ 0.302−0.738), respectively. Using those findings, the basic reproduction number was estimated to be R 0 ≈ 1.9; if dogs were the principal ACL reservoirs, the mean yearly effort (i.e., coverage or elimination) of a dog control intervention (e.g., collaring, culling, or vaccination) to ensure the elimination of L. (Viannia) spp. transmission would be as low as 47%.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Transmission Dynamics of Canine American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Huánuco, Peru

Reithinger¹,

Espinoza²,

Davies³

2003

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Indeed, there are very few studies describing canine CL in South America. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] [15][16][17][18][19] Nevertheless, the main factor that has influenced this outbreak is the high number of military members who are entering the forest areas because of the armed conflict in the country and in the fight against drugs; therefore, they are the population group with the highest incidence of the disease. 20 The soldiers enter the jungle areas accompanied by dogs specially trained to detect landmines or illicit crops.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Epidemic Outbreak of Canine Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Colombia Caused by Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania panamensis

Vélez¹,

Carrillo²,

López³

et al. 2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. The largest recorded outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Colombia's history occurred during [2005][2006][2007][2008][2009] in soldiers of the Colombian Army, with~40,000 cases. This outbreak was caused by the influx of military personnel into the jungle with the mission of combat illicit crops and the guerrilla. The soldiers remain for long periods within the rainforest and are exposed to the bite of infected sand flies. During the military activities, soldiers work with dogs specially trained to detect landmines, and therefore, dogs are also exposed to the infected sand flies and show high incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). This work describes an epidemic outbreak of canine CL caused by Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania panamensis in Colombia, South America. The clinical features of the disease and the response to treatment with pentavalent antimonials observed in 72 guard dogs from the Colombian Army are described. A program for prevention and control of canine CL is also discussed.

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“…The role of animals in the transmission cycles of ACL has been the subject of several studies (BRANDÃO-FILHO et al, 2003;REITHINGER et al 2003;SCHUBACH et al, 2004). In Brazil, since the beginning of the last century, parasites of the genus Leishmania have been detected in domestic and wild animals (PESSÔA; MARTINS, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological profile of cutaneous leishmaniasis in an endemic region in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Bustamante¹,

Pereira²,

Schubach³

et al. 2009

RBPV

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The objective of the present study was to investigate the dynamics and profile of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) in an old colonization area in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Health departments of municipalities in the Central-Southern region that had notified cases to the Ministry of Health's Notifiable Diseases Information System between 1997 and 2002 were contacted to obtain data. Out of the 119 cases recorded, 51 patients were visited for an interview and inspection of the environment. The cases of ACL exhibited a profile similar to that observed in other Brazilian cities, affecting individuals of both genders, all age groups and different occupational categories, especially students. Risk activities were reported by 56.9% of the interviewees and 84.3% had never left their homeland. Water courses, chicken coops, bamboo plantations and different fruit trees including banana plants and mango trees were frequently observed in the surrounding environment. Most of the interviewees had not noted any environmental changes prior to becoming sick. Domestic animals were present in all homes, but only dogs presented lesions suggestive of the disease. These were on different occasions that rarely preceded or coincided with the human cases. The possible existence of distinct transmission cycles, i.e. one for canines and another for humans, was discussed.Keywords: American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, zoonotic diseases, epidemiology. ResumoEste estudo teve como objetivo conhecer a dinâmica e o perfil da Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana (LTA) em uma área de colonização antiga do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. As secretarias de saúde dos municípios da Região Centro-Sul que notificaram casos ao Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação do Ministério da Saúde entre os anos de 1997 e 2002 foram contactadas para obtenção dos dados. Do total de 119 casos registrados, 51 pacientes foram visitados para realização de entrevista e observação do ambiente. A LTA exibiu perfil semelhante ao de outras cidades brasileiras, acometendo indivíduos de ambos os sexos, de todas as faixas etárias e diversas categorias ocupacionais, principalmente estudantes. A realização de atividades de risco foi relatada por 56,9% dos entrevistados e 84,3% não se deslocaram do município de residência. No ambiente circundante havia, frequentemente, cursos d'água, galinheiros, bambuzais e diversas frutíferas, entre elas: bananeiras e mangueiras. A maioria dos entrevistados não observou mudanças ambientais anteriormente ao adoecimento. Animais domésticos estiveram presentes em todos os domicílios, mas apenas cães evidenciaram lesões sugestivas da doença em ocasiões diversas, raramente antecedendo ou coincidindo com casos humanos. A possibilidade de existirem ciclos de transmissão distintos, um canino e outro, humano, foi discutida.

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Domestic dog ownership: a risk factor for human infection with Leishmania (viannia) species

Cited by 32 publications

References 22 publications

The Transmission Dynamics of Canine American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Huánuco, Peru

The Transmission Dynamics of Canine American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Huánuco, Peru

An Epidemic Outbreak of Canine Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Colombia Caused by Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania panamensis

Epidemiological profile of cutaneous leishmaniasis in an endemic region in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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