Domestic air pollution from biomass burning in Kenya

Boleij, J.S.M.; Ruigewaard, P.; Hoek, F.; Thairu, H.; Wafula, E M; Onyango, Francis; Koning, Henk de

doi:10.1016/0004-6981(89)90052-8

Cited by 53 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The studies of observer variation and effect of the sabana showed the method to be satisfactory, although multiple regression did identify an independent observer effect for the child readings, -possibly due to inconsistent reading at lower levels. There is evidence that within-house and within-child variation in CO concentrations is high relative to differences between houses and subjects respectively, consistent with a previous report on variability of indoor air pollution in rural Kenya (Boleij et al, 1989). This emphasises the extent of random variation when attempting to study between-group differences, and the value of taking repeat measurements.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Impact of improved stoves, house construction and child location on levels of indoor air pollution exposure in young Guatemalan children

Bruce

McCracken

Albalak

et al. 2004

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

125

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The goal of this study was to assess the impact of improved stoves, house ventilation, and child location on levels of indoor air pollution and child exposure in a rural Guatemalan population reliant on wood fuel. The study was a random sample of 204 households with children less than 18 months in a rural village in the western highlands of Guatemala. Socio-economic and household information was obtained by interview and observation. Twentyfour hour carbon monoxide (CO) was used as the primary measure of kitchen pollution and child exposure in all homes, using Gastec diffusion tubes. Twenty-four hour kitchen PM 3.5 was measured in a random sub-sample (n ¼ 29) of kitchens with co-located CO tubes. Almost 50% of the homes still used open fires, around 30% used chimney stoves (planchas) mostly from a large donor-funded programme, and the remainder of homes used various combinations including bottled gas and open fires. The 24-h kitchen CO was lowest for homes with self-purchased planchas: mean (95% CI) CO of 3.09 ppm (1.87-4.30) vs. 12.4 ppm (10.2-14.5) for open fires. The same ranking was found for child CO exposure, but with proportionately smaller differentials (Po0.0001). The 24-h kitchen PM 3.5 in the sub-sample showed similar differences (n ¼ 24, Po0.05). The predicted child PM for all 203 children (based on a regression model from the sub-sample) was 375 mg/m 3 (270-480) for self-purchased planchas and 536 mg/m 3 (488-584) for open fires. Multivariate analysis showed that stove/fuel type was the most important determinant of kitchen CO, with some effect of kitchen volume and eaves. Stove/fuel type was also the key determinant of child CO, with some effect of child position during cooking. The improved stoves in this community have been effective in reducing indoor air pollution and child exposure, although both measures were still high by international standards. Large donor-funded stove programmes need to aim for wider acceptance and uptake by the local families. Better stove maintenance is also required.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Impact of improved stoves, house construction and child location on levels of indoor air pollution exposure in young Guatemalan children

Bruce

McCracken

Albalak

et al. 2004

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

125

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Given the nearly universal use of biomass fuels in rural areas, this indirect approach to exposure estimation clusters many people into a single exposure category. Recent findings on large variations in emissions from individual stove types (13,34) and in exposure profiles within individual households (35)(36)(37), however, demonstrate that aggregate analysis and grouping of individuals dramatically reduces the reliability of the estimation of the exposure-response relationship.…”

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confidence: 99%

Quantifying the effects of exposure to indoor air pollution from biomass combustion on acute respiratory infections in developing countries.

Ezzati

Kammen

2001

Environ Health Perspect

249

165

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Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are the leading cause of burden of disease worldwide and have been causally linked with exposure to pollutants from domestic biomass fuels in developing countries. We used longitudinal health data coupled with detailed monitoring and estimation of personal exposure from more than 2 years of field measurements in rural Kenya to estimate the exposure-response relationship for particulates < 10 microm diameter (PM(10)) generated from biomass combustion. Acute respiratory infections and acute lower respiratory infections are concave, increasing functions of average daily exposure to PM(10), with the rate of increase declining for exposures above approximately 1,000-2,000 microg/m(3). This first estimation of the exposure-response relationship for the high-exposure levels characteristic of developing countries has immediate and important consequences for international public health policies, energy and combustion research, and technology transfer efforts that affect more than 2 billion people worldwide.

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“…Otherwise, improvement strategies will not be sustainable at the local level. Much research has been done on this topic in India (Raiyani et al 1993), Mexico (Brauer et al 1996) and Kenya (Boleij et al 1989) due to its critical significance in contemporary concerns. In this section, we describe a case study in Nepal and suggest some improvements.…”

Section: Indoor Air Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Improvements of the Traditional Houses in Nepal for the Sustainable Building Design

Rijal

2012

JHES

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The traditional architecture could be one of the key issues for sustainable building design for different climates and cultures. They are well matched and adapted to the climates and cultures by using local building materials and techniques. However, traditional forms of architecture are decreasing dramatically, being replaced by artificial materials, modern designs and alien technology. We need strong policies and sound research to sustain the concepts and practicalities of traditional architecture. Thus, in this study, we will discuss the thermal environment and improvements of traditional houses in Nepal by relating these to the thermal comfort, firewood consumption and indoor air quality.

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Domestic air pollution from biomass burning in Kenya

Cited by 53 publications

References 5 publications

Impact of improved stoves, house construction and child location on levels of indoor air pollution exposure in young Guatemalan children

Impact of improved stoves, house construction and child location on levels of indoor air pollution exposure in young Guatemalan children

Quantifying the effects of exposure to indoor air pollution from biomass combustion on acute respiratory infections in developing countries.

Thermal Improvements of the Traditional Houses in Nepal for the Sustainable Building Design

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