Dome growth and coulée spreading controlled by surface morphology, as determined by pixel offsets in photographs of the 2006 Merapi eruption

The Relationship Between Lava Fountaining and Vent Morphology for the 2014–2015 Holuhraun Eruption, Iceland, Analyzed by Video Monitoring and Topographic Mapping

“…Subpixel variability, related to changes in the surface characteristics (e.g., color or shape) and to rotational movements of the irregular spatters, can affect the results of our imaging technique (Walter et al, 2013). With decreasing particle brightness (due to cooling of the lava), the pixels can be categorized as background and not as particles.…”

Dome growth at Mount Cleveland, Aleutian Arc, quantified by time series TerraSAR‐X imagery

“…In situ cameras installed near a volcano's summit can provide some of the necessary data to assess dome growth and deformation, as demonstrated at Merapi [Walter et al, 2013a], Colima, Mexico [Walter et al, 2013b], Soufrière Hills, Montserrat [Herd et al, 2005], and Mount St. Helens, U.S. [Major et al, 2009], but the method is fraught with challenges. Few volcanoes have geometries conducive to camera placement, instrument maintenance can be hazardous, and inclement weather frequently occludes views of the dome.…”

Volcano-tectonic control of Merapi's lava dome splitting: The November 2013 fracture observed from high resolution TerraSAR-X data

“…Silicic domes may destabilize and collapse, representing the source region for destructive pyroclastic flows (Calder et al, 2002). The growth and collapse of silicic domes are thought to be controlled by the extrusion dynamics (Hale et al, 2009a(Hale et al, , 2009b, the underlying slope and surrounding morphology (Walter et al, 2013), the brittle (cooled) crust stabilizing the extrusive magma body and hence the exogenous and endogenous growth (Hale, 2008;Kaneko et al, 2002). Therefore, at growing domes a fragile balance exists between extrusion of viscous lava, cooling and degassing, erosion and the mechanical instability of the dome.…”