Dolomite Catalysed Cracking of n-Heptane in Presence of Steam

Taralas, Georgios; Sjöström, Krister; Björnbom, Emilia

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-1336-6_18

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Because of the complex composition of real tar, several researchers have studied tar decomposition reactions using biomass tar model compounds such as: anthracene [25], benzene [25][26][27][28][29][30][31], cyclohexane [32], 1-methyl-naphthalene [26,33], naphthalene [25,27,28,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45], n-heptane [26,[46][47][48], phenol [49], pyrene [25] and toluene [10, 11, 25-28, 31, 50-57].…”

Section: Biomass Tar Model Compoundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of different oxygen carriers for biomass tar reforming (I): Carbon deposition in experiments with toluene

Mendiara

Johansen

Utrilla

et al. 2011

Fuel

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Section: Biomass Tar Model Compoundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of different oxygen carriers for biomass tar reforming (I): Carbon deposition in experiments with toluene

Mendiara

Johansen

Utrilla

et al. 2011

Fuel

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“…Commercial catalysts are being studied in several European and American institutions, but they are beyond the scope of this paper. Calcined dolomites, calcites, or magnesites already have proven activity for eliminating tars present in this "biogas" (Alde ´n et al, 1994;Aznar et al, 1989;Delgado et al, 1996;Donnot et al, 1985Donnot et al, , 1988Leppa ¨lahti and Kurkela, 1991;Simell and Bredenberg, 1990;Simell et al, 1992Simell et al, , 1994Sjo ¨strom et al, 1988;Taralas et al, 1991Taralas et al, , 1994Vassilatos et al, 1992). They are useful both for in bed or for downstream tar destruction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcined Dolomite, Magnesite, and Calcite for Cleaning Hot Gas from a Fluidized Bed Biomass Gasifier with Steam: Life and Usefulness

Delgado¹,

Aznar²,

Corella³

1996

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

174

130

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Calcined dolomites, limestones, and magnesites are active and inexpensive solids for cleaning raw hot gas from biomass gasifiers with steam. The variations of their activities with time-on-stream are studied here. Simultaneous coke formation and coke elimination by steam gasification increases the life of these “naturally occurring” catalysts under some circumstances. The lives of these solids are studied at different temperatures (800−880 °C), space times (0.08−0.32 kg of dolomite·h/nm3), particle diameters (1−4 mm), and types of solid. Not much deactivation was observed for tar concentration in the raw gas below 48 g/nm3, particle diameters of less than 1.9 mm, temperatures above 800 °C, and space times above 0.13 kg·h/nm3. The effectiveness of these calcined minerals is compared with that of an inert material (silica sand) and with a commercial steam reforming catalyst (R-67 from Haldor Topsøe).

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“…Till very recently, the typical term used for this activity was “tar cracking”, but nowadays, it is thought that their activity in this process is not cracking but of steam (and dry) reforming of tars, as it will be demonstrated in this paper. The OCa·OMg would dissociate the molecule of steam, generating some reactive radicals , that would further react with the “hard-to-destroy” molecules of tar mainly composed of phenol derivatives and of polyaromatics (PAHs) such as naphthalene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Orio et al. , studied the usefulness of dolomites for gasification with air. These authors 2-5 and also Simell et al and Taralas et al , have very recently made an exhaustive study on the state-of-the-art in this subject, identifying the laboratories and people working or having worked in this matter. It is addressed to these recent publications for details about previous research on dolomites for hot gas cleaning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hot Gas Cleaning and Upgrading with a Calcined Dolomite Located Downstream a Biomass Fluidized Bed Gasifier Operating with Steam−Oxygen Mixtures

Pérez¹,

Aznar²,

Caballero³

et al. 1997

Energy Fuels

106

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Cleaning and upgrading of the hot raw gas from a biomass gasifier, bubbling fluidized bed type, is studied at small pilot plant scale (10 kg biomass fed/h) using a calcined dolomite located downstream from the gasifier. Gasification is made with steam−oxygen mixtures at 800−850 °C and atmospheric pressure. Main variables studied are the gas residence time in the bed of dolomite and the gas atmosphere composition, which depends on the gasifying agent (H2O + O2)-to-biomass and H2O/O2 ratios. H2 and CO content in the flue gas increases by 16−23 vol % and decreases by 15−22 vol % (dry basis), respectively. Although CH4 conversion (elimination) higher than 30 vol % has never been reached, tar conversion (elimination) of 90−95 vol % are obtained with space times of 0.06−0.15 kg calcined dolomite h-1 m-3. A detailed study is here presented on how the calcined dolomite significantly cleans and upgrades the flue gas, increasing also the gas yield by 0.15−0.40 m3(STP)/kg daf biomass fed.

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Dolomite Catalysed Cracking of n-Heptane in Presence of Steam

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

Evaluation of different oxygen carriers for biomass tar reforming (I): Carbon deposition in experiments with toluene

Evaluation of different oxygen carriers for biomass tar reforming (I): Carbon deposition in experiments with toluene

Calcined Dolomite, Magnesite, and Calcite for Cleaning Hot Gas from a Fluidized Bed Biomass Gasifier with Steam: Life and Usefulness

Hot Gas Cleaning and Upgrading with a Calcined Dolomite Located Downstream a Biomass Fluidized Bed Gasifier Operating with Steam−Oxygen Mixtures

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