Dog Whistle Politics: How Coded Racial Appeals Have Reinvented Racism &amp; Wrecked the Middle Class

Searles, Kathleen

doi:10.1515/for-2016-0009

Cited by 43 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Consistent with this, adherents may dismiss the existence of police racial bias. Those holding these views may also express strong support for the police, who serve as symbolic defenders of the racial order, and who have also long been used as a racist dog whistle, a way of signaling to those uncomfortable with challenges to the racial status quo without explicitly invoking race (Drakulich et al, 2020;Haney-López 2014). Consistent with the modern racism logic, this eschews explicit references to race, while still supporting an institution engaged in the symbolic defense of the racial order.…”

Section: Racismmentioning

confidence: 95%

Why White Americans More Frequently Fail to View the Police Critically

2022

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It matters how people view the police—and that there is a substantial racial gap in these views. Research has primarily focused on police experiences to explain generally less-positive views among Black Americans. We recommend a subtle but vital shift in focus, seeking instead to explain the remarkably more favorable average views about the police among White Americans. Utilizing comparable data from two 2016 American National Election Studies surveys, we explore the role of contact with the police, politics, and three different dimensions of racial attitudes and views, finding views about the police among White Americans to be shaped in primary ways by concerns about Black Americans. These factors, and racial resentment in particular, explain a significant portion of the average difference in views of the police between Black and White Americans. We discuss the implications of this subtle shift in focus, particularly for work which sets positive views about the police as the goal.

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Section: Racismmentioning

confidence: 95%

Why White Americans More Frequently Fail to View the Police Critically

2022

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“…Stereotypes associating Whiteness with superiority have limited class-based coalitions between White and Black U.S. residents for centuries, serving to maintain oppressive labor practices and other unjust societal systems (Allen, 2012;Hannah-Jones, 2021;Mueller, 2018;Mueller, 2020;Richardson, 2000). Internalization of stereotypes of White superiority has been argued to explain numerous historical and contemporary cases in which low-and middle-class White people appear to go against their own interests-such as supporting the dissolution of social safety net programs that they themselves benefit from (Haney-López, 2014;McGhee, 2022).…”

Section: Limiting Cross-race Alliancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Construction of Racial Stereotypes and How They Serve as Racial Propaganda

Melson-Silimon¹,

Spivey²,

Skinner-Dorkenoo³

2023

Preprint

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In social psychology, stereotypes have generally been viewed as overgeneralized beliefs about social groups in society. Although stereotypes—especially those that are negative—tend to be recognized as contributing to prejudice and discrimination of marginalized communities, they are often conceptualized as containing a “kernel of truth.” Meanwhile, there has been relatively little consideration of the historical and cultural origins of racial stereotypes. This is an important oversight given that stereotypes have and continue to be used as a means to excuse and reinforce the systemic oppression of communities of color. Thus, the current paper uses a historical framework to review major stereotypes that have targeted communities of color throughout U.S. history, with a focus on stereotypes of Black people. In doing so, we conceptualize racial stereotypes as propaganda that have historically functioned to support oppressive societal systems in the U.S. by both (a) shaping public perceptions and expectations and (b) by influencing the thoughts and behavior of members of stereotyped groups. By situating stereotypes within their historical and cultural frames, readers can recognize the way stereotypes reinforce systems of oppression. We conclude with research implications and encourage stereotyping scholars to foreground the social construction of stereotypes and the function that they serve by contextualizing their work in the social and historical context in which stereotypes emerged.

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“…Some participants postulated that the true motivations of their harassers were different from the stated motivations, often seeing the stated motivations as dog whistles and the true motivations as bigotry. This is a welldocumented phenomenon in political expression, [64] and for participants studying issues of race and gender, it is reasonable that as experts in the field, they recognize veiled racist, sexist, or homophobic statements. Therefore, in addressing these types of experiences we have differentiated between harassment which is patently bigoted, i.e.…”

Section: Harassment Motivations and Enactmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

"I'm a Professor, which isn't usually a dangerous job": Internet-Facilitated Harassment and its Impact on Researchers

Doerfler¹,

Forte²,

Cristofaro³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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While the Internet has dramatically increased the exposure that research can receive, it has also facilitated harassment against scholars. To understand the impact that these attacks can have on the work of researchers, we perform a series of systematic interviews with researchers including academics, journalists, and activists, who have experienced targeted, Internet-facilitated harassment. We provide a framework for understanding the types of harassers that target researchers, the harassment that ensues, and the personal and professional impact on individuals and academic freedom. We then study preventative and remedial strategies available, and the institutions that prevent some of these strategies from being more effective. Finally, we discuss the ethical structures that could facilitate more equitable access to participating in research without serious personal suffering.

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Dog Whistle Politics: How Coded Racial Appeals Have Reinvented Racism & Wrecked the Middle Class

Cited by 43 publications

References 4 publications

Why White Americans More Frequently Fail to View the Police Critically

Why White Americans More Frequently Fail to View the Police Critically

The Construction of Racial Stereotypes and How They Serve as Racial Propaganda

"I'm a Professor, which isn't usually a dangerous job": Internet-Facilitated Harassment and its Impact on Researchers

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