Does Zinc Moderate Essential Fatty Acid and Amphetamine Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder?

Arnold, L. Eugene; Pinkham, Sandra M.; Votolato, Nicholas A.

doi:10.1089/cap.2000.10.111

Cited by 57 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…Andrew Stoll's research on omega-3 fatty acids for bipolar disorder 7,8 and Eugene Arnold's work on omega-6 fatty acids for attention deficit disorder [9][10][11] suggest that these nutrients might themselves be therapeutic. Other micronutrients (calcium, chromium) and macronutrients (inositol, amino acids) have also shown some potential for influencing mood disorders.…”

Section: Commentarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 Several large-scale double-blind placebo-controlled studies of RDA or high-dose multivitamin regimens in adults have reported improved scores of mood and cognition 16,17 as well as anxiety and somatic symptoms. 18 A recent review reported that 10 of 12 randomized double-blind placebo-controlled studies found that multi-micronutrient regimens can improve cognitive functioning in children.…”

Section: Commentarymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do Vitamins or Minerals (Apart From Lithium) Have Mood-Stabilizing Effects?

Popper¹

2001

J. Clin. Psychiatry

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Section: Commentarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Commentarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Vitamins or Minerals (Apart From Lithium) Have Mood-Stabilizing Effects?

Popper¹

2001

J. Clin. Psychiatry

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“…Further, zinc is necessary for vitamin B6 to be metabolized to its active form, pyridoxal phos-phate, which in turn plays a role in conversion of tryptophan to serotonin [35,65,66]. Serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptophan, 5-HTP) signalling is not only important in the brain, but also in the GI tract [67].…”

Section: Acta Psychopathologica Issn 2469-6676mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Biometal Profile in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder, with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, or with Other Psychiatric Diagnoses: A Comparative Outpatient Study

Pakyürek¹,

Azarang²,

Iosif³

et al. 2018

Acta Psychopathol

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Background: In recent years, the impact of various micronutrients on the symptoms of ADHD and ASD has been studied. Our study was aimed at evaluating the association between the level of serum magnesium, zinc and ferritin in children diagnosed with ADHD and/or ASD. Methods:This case-control pilot study consisted of 32 children who met DSM-V criteria for ADHD, 15 children who met DSM-V criteria for ASD and 12 age-matched control children from Electronic Medical Record database. Serum magnesium, zinc and ferritin values were com-pared with ANOVA.Results: Blood ferritin level was found to be significantly lower in affected groups (F=5.9, p=0.0056). A trend towards decreased values of plasma zinc level was also found in affected children (F=2.25, p=0.12); whereas no suggestion of any difference in blood magnesium levels between three groups was significant. Non-parametric analyses were also run and the p value for ferritin 0.08, showed weaker evidence of significance. Conclusions:Results of this study indicated that low level of blood ferritin may be a risk factor for development of ASD and ADHD. Future investigations with larger controlled trials are needed and correlational studies would also be helpful.

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“…Another study suggested that zinc nutrition may be important for the response of ADHD children to dextroamphetamine, and that the possible benefit of evening primrose oil (gamma-linolenic acid) derives from the improvement or compensation for borderline zinc nutrition (32). There are no controlled studies, and supplementation beyond the recommended daily allowance is not indicated in the absence of documented deficiency.…”

Section: Zincmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of alternative therapies in treating children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

2002

Paediatrics &Amp; Child Health

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OBJECTIVESThe objectives of the present statement are to:• Provide an overview of alternative therapies commonly used in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).• Review the pharmacology and toxicology of alternative medicines for ADHD.• Discuss the available evidence about the efficacy of alternative therapies for ADHD.INTRODUCTION ADHD is a common and complex disorder for which no specific neuroanatomical, physiological, biochemical or psychological origin has been identified. Despite the effectiveness and relative safety of stimulant medications, many parents are concerned about giving their child a psychoactive, 'mind-altering' medication for what is likely to be a long period of time. As with many chronic diseases of childhood, parents have turned to complementary and alternative medicine (1). There is a plethora of information on alternative therapies for ADHD in the mainstream media and on the Internet. Evidence-based reports were identified from the MEDLINE database and references of review articles published in peer-reviewed literature (Table 1). DIETARY MANAGEMENTDietary interventions are the most popular alternative therapies in ADHD (2) and primarily include the following types of diets. Elimination diets in ADHD The Feingold diet:In his book, Why Your Child is Hyperactive (3), Feingold reported that when treated with the salicylate and additive-free diet, 50% of children with ADHD achieved a "full response", and showed a return to symptoms when the offending food artificial additives were reintroduced. The effects of this diet have been reviewed in controlled studies (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12), showing that improvements were not consistent, occurring generally on parental report, but rarely substantiated by laboratory measures (13,14). Elimination of food allergensOver the past 15 years, double-blind, placebo controlled food allergen challenge studies have shown some results on more differentiated outcomes (15)(16)(17)(18). This recent research led to the following conclusions (19).• Appropriate elimination diets are more likely to improve behaviour in younger children with atopic histories, a family history of migraine, and a family history of food reactivity.• Common dietary allergens are implicated (milk, nuts, fish, wheat and soy) as well as additives.• Specific target behaviours should be considered. Restriction of sugar and aspartameThere is a tenacious 'myth' that sugar and aspartame intake can cause hyperactive behaviour. Although Prinz et al (20) found correlations between the amount of sugar consumed and levels of observed inappropriate behaviour, no causality could be demonstrated. Further challenge studies (21-24) showed no effect of dietary sucrose or aspartame on children's behaviour. Another popular theory comes from Crook's The Yeast Connexion (25), which postulates that chronic candidiasis and candida toxin production is responsible for hyperactivity. Treatment based on this theory includes the use of antifungal agents, and a diet free of any sugar source that could pr...

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Does Zinc Moderate Essential Fatty Acid and Amphetamine Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder?

Cited by 57 publications

References 29 publications

Do Vitamins or Minerals (Apart From Lithium) Have Mood-Stabilizing Effects?

Do Vitamins or Minerals (Apart From Lithium) Have Mood-Stabilizing Effects?

Assessment of Biometal Profile in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder, with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, or with Other Psychiatric Diagnoses: A Comparative Outpatient Study

The use of alternative therapies in treating children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

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