Does verbenone reduce mountain pine beetle attacks in susceptible stands of pondersoa pine? /

Bentz, Barbara; Forest, Rocky Mountain; Station, Range Experiment

doi:10.5962/bhl.title.82219

Cited by 25 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…However, despite losses in killed timber totalling many billions of dollars in western North America (Borden 1990), verbenone has not been adopted for operational treatments against the MPB. Shortcomings of verbenone are: inconsistent efficacy (Gibson et al 1991;Shea et al 1992); ineffectiveness in stands of ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa Laws (Coniferales: Pinaceae) (Bentz et al 1989;Lister et al 1990); and breakdown under ultraviolet radiation to the inactive substance chrysanthenone (Kostyk et al 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatiles from the bark of trembling aspen, Populus tremuloides Michx. (Salicaceae) disrupt secondary attraction by the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

Wilson²,

et al. 1998

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Coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analysis of the Porapak Q-captured volatiles from the bark of trembling aspen, Populus tremuloides Michx., revealed four compounds that consistently elicited antennal responses by mountain pine beetles (MPBs), Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins. One of these, 1-hexanol, disrupted the capture of MPBs in multiple-funnel traps baited with the aggregation pheromones trans-verbenol and exo-brevicomin and the host kairomone myrcene, a blend of semiochemicals that mediates the secondary attraction response in which beetles mass attack and kill living pines. The other three EAD-active aspen bark volatiles, benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde and nonanal, were inactive alone, but in binary and ternary combinations contributed to a disruptive effect in an additive and redundant manner when all four aspen bark volatiles were tested in all possible binary and ternary blends. The best ternary blend and the quarternary blend achieved \80% disruption. The quarternary blend enhanced the disruptive effect of the antiaggregation pheromone verbenone in traps, raising the disruptive effect to 98%, and also enhanced the inhibition of attack on attractant-baited lodgepole pines. This is the first demonstration of specific compounds from the bark of angiosperm trees that disrupt the secondary attraction response of sympatric coniferophagous bark beetles. The results support the hypothesis that such bark beetles are adapted to recognize and avoid nonhost angiosperm trees by responding to a broad spectrum of volatiles that can act in various blends with equal effect.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatiles from the bark of trembling aspen, Populus tremuloides Michx. (Salicaceae) disrupt secondary attraction by the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

Wilson²,

et al. 1998

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“…Engelm., from attack by the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, showed considerable operational promise (Borden and Lindgren 1988, Amman et al 1989, Lindgren et al 1989, Shea et al 1992. However, concurrent research disclosed variation in efficacy by geographic location, host species and year (Bentz et al 1989, Lister et al 1990, Gibson et al 1991, Shea et al 1992, Amman and Lindgren 1995. Three modifications have resulted in renewed optimism for operational implementation of verbenone: 1) increasing the dose; 2) adding repellent non-host volatiles (NHVs); and 3) combining repellent and attractive semiochemicals in a push-pull tactic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the push-pull tactic against the mountain pine beetle using verbenone and non-host volatiles in combination with pheromone-baited trees

Borden¹,

Birmingham²,

Burleigh³

2006

The Forestry Chronicle

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Experiments were conducted near Williams Lake and Quesnel, BC in 2003 to evaluate the effectiveness of the antiaggregation pheromone verbenone and a three-component non-host volatile (NHV) blend (E-2-and Z-3-hexen-1-ol and benzyl alcohol) in deterring attack of lodgepole pines, Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelmann, by the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins. In 0.16-ha square plots, with a pheromone-baited tree in the centre and 16 release points at 10-m centres, either verbenone (in a polyurethane gel inside plastic membrane pouches, released at ca. 100 mg/day) or the NHVs (released from separate bubble caps at ca. 1.2 mg/day) deterred attack, but efficacy was not increased by combining them. When deployed from 25 release points at 10-m centres in 0.25-ha square plots, verbenone plus NHVs were effective in deterring attack in some (but not all) cases, when compared to attack in a 25-m wide band around the treated zone. In a test of the push-pull tactic, verbenone plus the NHV blend were tested in a 10-replicate experiment with 100, 44.4 or 25 release points/ha at 10-, 15-or 20-m centres, respectively, in a 1-ha square central zone surrounded by a 3-ha, 50-m-wide band containing 12 pheromone-baited lodgepole pines 50 m apart. Other treatments were pheromonebaited trees alone, and an untreated control. In the three push-pull treatments (but not the bait only or control treatments), 28 of 30 replicates had significantly more mass-attacked trees in the pheromone-baited outer 3 ha than in the inner ha treated with verbenone plus NHVs. The percentage of available trees ≥ 17.5 cm diameter at breast height (dbh) that were mass-attacked was < 10% in 5, 4 and 3 of 10 replicates when verbenone plus NHVs were deployed at 10-, 15-and 20-m centres, respectively, and was < 10% in two each of the bait only and control replicates. The mean ratios of newly-attacked green trees in 2003 to red trees killed in 2002 were significantly lower in the inner ha of the 10-m and 15-m centre treatments (2.6 and 2.7, respectively) than 5.9 in the untreated control. Also the pooled percentages of attacked trees that were not mass-attacked were significantly higher in the inner ha of the treatments with centres at 15 m (24.7%) and 10 m (17.6%) than in the other three treatments (all between 12% and 13%). Despite the apparent efficacy in 10-m and 15-m centre treatments, some replicates failed spectacularly. Failure was not significantly related to the incidence of red trees, but was negatively related to density/ha of available trees and positively related to mean dbh. We recommend operational implementation of the push-pull tactic at 10-m or 15-m centres when the density of available lodgepole pines is > 400/ha, the mean dbh is ≤ 25 cm, current attack is ≤ 15%, and the tactic is part of an integrated pest management program that includes sanitation harvesting. Using verbenone alone at 15-m centres would cost $380/ha (CAD), excluding labour.Key words: mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae, lodgepole pine, Pi...

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“…Subsequently, an experiment in which verbenone-impregnated plastic beads (Phero Tech Inc.) were aerially applied to a lodgepole pine stand at a dose of 54 g of verbenone/ha resulted in a 75% reduction of new attacks compared to a control stand (Shea et al 1992). Although these results were encouraging, other experiments yielded results that were inconsistent between years, geographic areas and tree species (Bentz et al 1989, Lister et al 1990, Gibson et al 1991, Shea et al 1992, and indicated that when exposed to ultraviolet radiation, verbenone breaks down to the behaviourally-inactive compound chrysanthenone (Kostyk et al 1993). Consequently, verbenone was not adopted for operational use against the mountain pine beetle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…However, adding NHVs to low-dose verbenone did not improve the efficacy of the antiaggregant grid (Table 3, Fig. 3), and low-dose treatments are not recommended because of their historical variability (Bentz et al 1989, Lister et al 1990, Gibson et al 1991, Shea et al 1992.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protection of lodgepole pine from attack by the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) using high doses of verbenone in combination with nonhost bark volatiles

Borden¹,

Chong²,

Earle³

et al. 2003

The Forestry Chronicle

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We evaluated the antiaggregation pheromone verbenone at low and high doses alone and with a seven-component repellent blend of nonhost angiosperm bark volatiles (NHVs) for their ability to deter attack by the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins. Release devices containing antiaggregants were deployed at 16 points on a 10-m grid in 40 × 40-m plots near Williams Lake, B.C. in June 2001. In 10 control plots with no antiaggregants, single pheromone-baited trees, at the plot centre were all mass-attacked by the mountain pine beetle by early October, as were 26.6% of the 432 lodgepole pines within the boundaries of the plots. In contrast, in plots treated with a high dose of verbenone plus NHVs, two of the central, pheromone-baited trees escaped any attack whatsoever, four of 10 plots had no surrounding trees attacked and only 2.1% of the total of 523 surrounding trees were mass-attacked. Density of attacked and mass-attacked trees was highest within 5 m of the central baited tree in all treatments, indicating that those beetles that breached the antiaggregant grid were then drawn toward the baited tree. Operational efficacy should thus be improved in the absence of baited trees within a treated area. We conclude that high-dose verbenone plus NHV treatments could be implemented operationally as a minor component of an integrated pest management strategy for large infestations, particularly in a push-pull tactic in which beetles are pushed from one area by the antiaggregant treatment and drawn into another with attractive baits. However, the principal use would be in the short-term protection of small, high-value stands or stands of high ecological or social value.Key words: Coleoptera, Scolytidae, Dendroctonus ponderosae, chemical ecology, verbenone, pest management Nous avons évalué le phéromone antiagrégation verbenone seul à faibles et à fortes doses et avec un mélange répulsif de sept composants volatiles d'écorce d'angiosperme non-hôtes pour sa capacité à détourner les attaques du dendroctone du pin ponderosa, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins. Les appareils permettant de répandre les antiagrégants ont été déployés sur 16 stations réparties selon un quadrillage de 10 m dans des parcelles de 40 × 40 m situées près de Williams Lake, C.-B., en juin 2001. Dans les 10 parcelles témoins sans antiagrégants, les arbres individuels traités comme appât aux phéromones, situés au centre des parcelles ont tous été attaqués massivement par le dendroctone dès le début d'octobre, ainsi que 26 % des 432 pins lodgepoles retrouvés dans les limites des parcelles. Par contre, dans le cas des parcelles traitées avec une forte dose de verbenone additionné du mélange répulsif, deux des arbres du centre traités comme appât aux phéromones ont échappé à toutes les attaques, quatre des 10 parcelles n'ont eu aucun arbre attaqué et seulement 2,1 % des 523 arbres situés à proximité ont été attaqués massivement. La densité des arbres attaqués et attaqués massivement était plus élevée en deçà de 5 m de l'arbre appât dans tous les...

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Does verbenone reduce mountain pine beetle attacks in susceptible stands of pondersoa pine? /

Cited by 25 publications

References 3 publications

Volatiles from the bark of trembling aspen, Populus tremuloides Michx. (Salicaceae) disrupt secondary attraction by the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

Volatiles from the bark of trembling aspen, Populus tremuloides Michx. (Salicaceae) disrupt secondary attraction by the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

Evaluation of the push-pull tactic against the mountain pine beetle using verbenone and non-host volatiles in combination with pheromone-baited trees

Protection of lodgepole pine from attack by the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) using high doses of verbenone in combination with nonhost bark volatiles

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