Does Vascular Calcification Accelerate Inflammation?

Joshi, Francis R.; Rajani, Nikil K; Abt, Markus; Woodward, Mark; Bucerius, Jan; Mani, Venkatesh; Tawakol, Ahmed; Kallend, David; Fayad, Zahi A.; Rudd, James H.F.

doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2015.10.050

Cited by 54 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In the PROSPECT trial, patients with the highest calcium volumes had the worst outcomes . However, while calcification in other vascular beds has not been extensively studied, age > 65 years was consistently associated with higher baseline arterial calcification in the carotid and coronary arteries and aortic arch . In our study, the circumferential distribution of calcification was similar among all PAD beds (154–210°), but the absolute length of calcium was longest in the iliac/femoropopliteal arteries and shortest in the renal arteries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

Invasive characterization of atherosclerotic plaque in patients with peripheral arterial disease using near‐infrared spectroscopy intravascular ultrasound

Abbas

Zacharias

Goldstein

et al. 2017

Cathet Cardio Intervent

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NIRS-IVUS in stable PAD patients demonstrates a high frequency of calcific plaque and statistically significant differences in the frequency of LCP in different arterial beds. LCP, when present in the peripheral circulation, is always associated with calcified plaque. The strong co-localization of calcified plaque and LCP in severe PAD lesions may provide plaque-stabilizing effects; further studies are needed. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

Invasive characterization of atherosclerotic plaque in patients with peripheral arterial disease using near‐infrared spectroscopy intravascular ultrasound

Abbas

Zacharias

Goldstein

et al. 2017

Cathet Cardio Intervent

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“…The inhibition of Rb has also been linked to increases in atherosclerotic lesion size as well as smooth muscle cell proliferation 27. Furthermore, inflammation has been postulated as a common pathway of viral‐mediated injury and atherosclerosis 25, 28. Caspases, which are protein enzymes that are vital to the process of vascular inflammation and cellular apoptosis, have been linked with the development of atherosclerosis, and recent reports have suggested that HPV E6 oncoproteins may promote nuclear localization of active caspase 8, leading to increased inflammation and probable atherosclerosis 29, 30.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Papillomavirus Status and the Risk of Cerebrovascular Events Following Radiation Therapy for Head and Neck Cancer

Seidelmann

Janjua

Emami

et al. 2017

JAHA

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BackgroundRadiation therapy (RT) is a standard treatment for head and neck cancer; however, it is associated with inflammation, accelerated atherosclerosis, and cerebrovascular events (CVEs; stroke or transient ischemic attack). Human papillomavirus (HPV) is found in nearly half of head and neck cancers and is associated with inflammation and atherosclerosis. Whether HPV confers an increased risk of CVEs after RT is unknown.Methods and ResultsUsing an institutional database, we identified all consecutive patients treated with RT from 2002 to 2012 for head and neck cancer who were tested for HPV. The outcome of interest was the composite of ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack, and the association between HPV and CVEs was assessed using Cox proportional hazard models, competing risk analysis, and inverse probability weighting. Overall, 326 participants who underwent RT for head and neck cancer were tested for HPV (age 59±12 years, 75% were male, 9% had diabetes mellitus, 45% had hypertension, and 61% were smokers), of which 191 (59%) were tumor HPV positive. Traditional risk factors for CVEs were similar between HPV‐positive and ‐negative patients. Over a median follow‐up of 3.4 years, there were 18 ischemic strokes and 5 transient ischemic attacks (event rate of 1.8% per year). The annual event rate was higher in the HPV‐positive patients compared with the HPV‐negative patients (2.6% versus 0.9%, P=0.002). In a multivariable model, HPV‐positive status was associated with a >4 times increased risk of CVEs (hazard ratio: 4.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.5–13.2; P=0.008).ConclusionsIn this study, HPV‐positive status is associated with an increased risk of stroke or transient ischemic attack following RT for head and neck cancer.

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“…Hydroxyapatite crystals in the vessel wall share histological findings with ectopically formed bone (eg, the presence of osteoclast‐like and osteoblast‐like cells) 94. Early pathologic studies also observed that arterial calcification resembles a focus of skeleton‐like tissue 95.…”

Section: Positron Emission Tomographymentioning

confidence: 99%