Does urbanization favour exotic bee species? Implications for the conservation of native bees in cities

Fitch, Gordon; Wilson, Caleb J.; Glaum, Paul; Vaidya, Chatura; Simao, Maria-Carolina; Jamieson, Mary A.

doi:10.1098/rsbl.2019.0574

Cited by 49 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Our finding that increasing floral resources only mediates plant reproductive success when pollinator richness is high is pertinent because urbanization is associated with increased homogenization of pollinator communities (Deguines et al 2016;Harrison et al 2018;Fitch et al 2019;Wilson and Jamieson 2019). In rural agricultural systems, Kleijn et al found that a few abundant species provide the bulk of , but our findings suggest that the importance of pollinator richness likely varies between urban systems and rural agricultural systems, possibly because resource pulses in urban systems are not predictably constrained to seasonable mass-bloom events.…”

Section: Local Landscape and Pollinator Impacts On Pollinationmentioning

confidence: 58%

The relationship between pollinator community and pollination services is mediated by floral abundance in urban landscapes

et al. 2020

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Section: Local Landscape and Pollinator Impacts On Pollinationmentioning

confidence: 58%

The relationship between pollinator community and pollination services is mediated by floral abundance in urban landscapes

et al. 2020

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“…Impervious cover in some counties increased by as much as 30.5% (2180 ha; Yang et al, 2018). In urbanizing landscapes like our study region, exotic‐bee abundance will almost certainly continue to increase, with unknown consequences for native‐bee communities (Fitch et al, 2019; Russo, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Studies in other cities in eastern US and Canada found similar results (Matteson et al, 2008; Normandin et al, 2017), while crops and natural habitat in Eastern Canada supported only five exotic species (Grixti & Packer, 2006; Sheffield et al, 2003). Most of the urban exotic species in our study region are cavity nesters (see Section 3.1 and Table S3), and increased abundance of exotic bees in cities has not been linked to proximity to ports, urban warming, or abundance of exotic floral resources, leaving increased availability of cavity nest sites as a likely driver (Fitch et al, 2019). Between 2001 and 2016 in our study region, total impervious cover associated with developed land increased by 13.4%, which represents an additional 18,426 ha of impermeable surfaces (Yang et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wild bees as winners and losers: Relative impacts of landscape composition, quality, and climate

Kammerer

Goslee

Douglas

et al. 2021

Global Change Biology

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Wild bees, like many other taxa, are threatened by land‐use and climate change, which, in turn, jeopardizes pollination of crops and wild plants. Understanding how land‐use and climate factors interact is critical to predicting and managing pollinator populations and ensuring adequate pollination services, but most studies have evaluated either land‐use or climate effects, not both. Furthermore, bee species are incredibly variable, spanning an array of behavioral, physiological, and life‐history traits that can increase or decrease resilience to land‐use or climate change. Thus, there are likely bee species that benefit, while others suffer, from changing climate and land use, but few studies have documented taxon‐specific trends. To address these critical knowledge gaps, we analyzed a long‐term dataset of wild bee occurrences from Maryland, Delaware, and Washington DC, USA, examining how different bee genera and functional groups respond to landscape composition, quality, and climate factors. Despite a large body of literature documenting land‐use effects on wild bees, in this study, climate factors emerged as the main drivers of wild‐bee abundance and richness. For wild‐bee communities in spring and summer/fall, temperature and precipitation were more important predictors than landscape composition, landscape quality, or topography. However, relationships varied substantially between wild‐bee genera and functional groups. In the Northeast USA, past trends and future predictions show a changing climate with warmer winters, more intense precipitation in winter and spring, and longer growing seasons with higher maximum temperatures. In almost all of our analyses, these conditions were associated with lower abundance of wild bees. Wild‐bee richness results were more mixed, including neutral and positive relationships with predicted temperature and precipitation patterns. Thus, in this region and undoubtedly more broadly, changing climate poses a significant threat to wild‐bee communities.

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“…As exotic bees are often common in urban areas (e.g. Fitch et al 2019), it is noteworthy that all bee species collected by us are native to Germany. It will be interesting to see if the likely spread of exotic bees in the area (Le Féon et al 2018) will influence plant-pollinator interactions.…”

Section: Seasonal Changes Of Plant-pollinator Interaction Networkmentioning

confidence: 88%

Exotic garden plants partly substitute for native plants as resources for pollinators when native plants become seasonally scarce

2020

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Urban green spaces such as gardens often consist of native and exotic plant species, which provide pollen and nectar for flower-visiting insects. Although some exotic plants are readily visited by pollinators, it is unknown if and at which time of the season exotic garden plants may supplement or substitute for flower resources provided by native plants. To investigate if seasonal changes in flower availability from native vs. exotic plants affect flower visits, diversity and particularly plant–pollinator interaction networks, we studied flower-visiting insects over a whole growing season in 20 urban residential gardens in Germany. Over the course of the season, visits to native plants decreased, the proportion of flower visits to exotics increased, and flower-visitor species richness decreased. Yet, the decline in flower-visitor richness over the season was slowed in gardens with a relatively higher proportion of flowering exotic plants. This compensation was more positively linked to the proportion of exotic plant species than to the proportion of exotic flower cover. Plant–pollinator interaction networks were moderately specialized. Interactions were more complex in high summer, but interaction diversity, linkage density, and specialisation were not influenced by the proportion of exotic species. Thus, later in the season when few native plants flowered, exotic garden plants partly substituted for native flower resources without apparent influence on plant–pollinator network structure. Late-flowering garden plants support pollinator diversity in cities. If appropriately managed, and risk of naturalisation is minimized, late-flowering exotic plants may provide floral resources to support native pollinators when native plants are scarce.

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Does urbanization favour exotic bee species? Implications for the conservation of native bees in cities

Cited by 49 publications

References 47 publications

The relationship between pollinator community and pollination services is mediated by floral abundance in urban landscapes

The relationship between pollinator community and pollination services is mediated by floral abundance in urban landscapes

Wild bees as winners and losers: Relative impacts of landscape composition, quality, and climate

Exotic garden plants partly substitute for native plants as resources for pollinators when native plants become seasonally scarce

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