Does tobacco smoke prevent atopic disorders? A study of two generations of Swedish residents

Hjern, Anders; Hedberg, Ann-Marie; Haglund, Bengt; Rosén, Måns

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2222.2001.01096.x

Cited by 87 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…First, cigarette smoking and incense use might be reduced by a family with a child with allergic rhinitis. The present results showed a negative association between these factors and allergic rhinitis (data not shown), which was consistent with recent studies in Sweden and Spain [35,36]. Secondly, the child could have been encouraged to exercise when exhibiting signs and symptoms of allergic rhinitis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Climate, traffic-related air pollutants and allergic rhinitis prevalence in middle-school children in Taiwan

Lee¹,

Shaw²,

Su³

et al. 2003

Eur Respir J

124

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The prevalence of allergic rhinitis, a common respiratory disorder, may be rapidly increasing. Epidemiological studies, however, indicate little about its association with climatic factors and air pollution. The relationship between trafficrelated air pollutants and allergic rhinitis in middle-school students was therefore investigated.In a nationwide survey of middle-school students in Taiwan conducted in 1995/1996, the lifetime prevalence of physician-diagnosed allergic rhinitis and typical symptoms of allergic rhinitis were compared with air-monitoring station data on temperature, relative humidity, sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ), nitrogen oxides (NOx), ozone (O 3 ), carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of 10 mm (PM10).A .2)%. The prevalence of physician-diagnosed allergic rhinitis was 28.6 and 19.5% in males and females, respectively, with prevalence of questionnaire-determined allergic rhinitis 42.4 and 34.0%. After adjustment for age, parental education and history of atopic eczema, physician-diagnosed allergic rhinitis was found to be associated with higher nonsummer (September-May) warmth and traffic-related air pollutants, including CO, NOx and O 3 . Questionnaire-determined allergic rhinitis correlated only with traffic-related air pollutants.Nonsummer warmth and traffic-related air pollution, probably mediated through exposure to common allergens such as dust mites, are possible risk factors for allergic rhinitis in middle-school-aged children. Eur Respir J 2003; 21: 964-970.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Climate, traffic-related air pollutants and allergic rhinitis prevalence in middle-school children in Taiwan

Lee¹,

Shaw²,

Su³

et al. 2003

Eur Respir J

124

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“…Daily cigarette consumption in families and incense burning at home showed negative effects to the occurrence of childhood asthma (Table 1), which were consistent with recent international studies. 13,14 The possible explanation could be that cigarette smoking and incense use might be reduced by families with children with atopic diseases. Exposure to tobacco or incense might also provide protective effects for childhood asthma through selection mechanisms, especially in cross-sectional study.…”

Section: E392mentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor and Outdoor Environmental Exposures, Parental Atopy, and Physician-Diagnosed Asthma in Taiwanese Schoolchildren

et al. 2003

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ABSTRACT. Objective. Parental atopy and environmental exposures are recognized risk factors for childhood asthma. However, the relative contributions of specific risk factors and the overall contributions of indoor and outdoor exposures remain unexplored. This study was undertaken to identify risk factors, estimate the population attributable risk of each exposure, and compare the data for boys versus girls for physician-diagnosed asthma in Taiwanese schoolchildren.Methods. During a February to June 2001 cross-sectional national survey, 35 036 6-to 15-year-old schoolchildren were chosen from 22 elementary and 22 middle schools located within 1-km catchment areas of 22 airmonitoring stations in Taiwan. The main outcome measure was physician-diagnosed asthma, as reported by the parents. We investigated hereditary and indoor and outdoor environmental factors for childhood asthma by questionnaire. The adjusted prevalences of questionnaire-determined outdoor indicators were also compared with air-monitoring data.Results. Outdoor air pollutants were associated with parent-reported perceived ambient air pollution. Physician-diagnosed asthma was reported for 8.1% of the boys (1330 of 16 441) and 5.6% of the girls (894 of 16 056). The risk of physician-diagnosed asthma was significantly associated with parental atopy and perceived ambient air pollution in both sexes. A sthma is the single most common chronic childhood disease in developed nations, 1,2 and its prevalence and severity have been reported as increasing in many countries. [3][4][5][6] The changing pattern of the disease has not been fully explained, in part because of an incomplete understanding of its pathogenesis. The change has been too rapid to be accounted for by changes in gene frequencies. It is also unlikely that the increase can be totally accounted for by changes in either clinical diagnostic patterns or increased recognition of asthma symptoms by the general population. 7 This does, however, suggest a role for environmental exposures in the cause of this evolving epidemic. 8 Many factors have been proved to be associated with the prevalence and/or attacks of asthma, including personal factors (smoking habits, genetics, age, sex, nutritional status, number of siblings, coexisting lung disease, lifestyle, allergy status, family history, and occupation) and environmental stimuli (house dust, animal danders, molds, cockroach infestation, occupational exposure, environmental tobacco smoke, indoor/outdoor air pollution, cooking fumes, aeroallergens, and climate). 9 -29 Both genetic and environmental factors are believed to contribute to the relationship. However, epidemiologic evidence concerning different effects in boys and girls in relationships between environmental exposures and childhood asthma was insufficient and warranted additional investigations.The first aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between physician-diagnosed asthma and selected risk factors in a population-based sample of 6-to 15-year-old elementary-and middleschool...

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“…Previous studies on smoking and asthma have provided contradictory results. In many cross-sectional studies, the risk of asthma was not elevated in active smokers compared with never-smokers [7][8][9][10][11][12], whereas other studies detected an increased risk of asthma in smokers [13,14]. The few longitudinal studies published have reported inconsistent results on current smoking and asthma [15][16][17][18][19].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking and asthma in adults

Piipari

Jaakkola²,

Jaakkola

et al. 2004

European Respiratory Journal

152

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Studies on the effect of smoking on adulthood asthma have provided contradictory results. The current authors conducted a population-based incident casecontrol study to assess the effects of current and past smoking on the development of asthma in adults.During a 2.5 yr study period, all new asthma cases clinically diagnosed (n=521) and randomly selected controls (n=932) from a geographically defined district in southern Finland were recruited.The risk of developing asthma was significantly higher among current smokers with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.33 (95% confidence interval 1.00-1.77) and among ex-smokers with an adjusted OR 1.49 (1.12-1.97) compared with never-smokers. Among current smokers, the risk increased up to 14 cigarettes?day -1 , and a similar trend was observed in relation to cumulative smoking.In conclusion, the current results support the hypothesis that smoking causes asthma in adulthood.

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Does tobacco smoke prevent atopic disorders? A study of two generations of Swedish residents

Cited by 87 publications

References 23 publications

Climate, traffic-related air pollutants and allergic rhinitis prevalence in middle-school children in Taiwan

Climate, traffic-related air pollutants and allergic rhinitis prevalence in middle-school children in Taiwan

Indoor and Outdoor Environmental Exposures, Parental Atopy, and Physician-Diagnosed Asthma in Taiwanese Schoolchildren

Smoking and asthma in adults

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