Does the Type of Abuse Matter? Study on the Quality of Child Attachment Narratives in a Sample of Abused Children

Fresno, Andrés; Spencer, Rosario; Espinoza, Camila

doi:10.1007/s40653-017-0182-8

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…A coder deemed reliable by the Sroufe Laboratory at the University of Minneapolis coded the videotapes for general styles of attachment using standard categories A, B, C, and D (Ainsworth et al, 1978;Main & Solomon, 1986). Because of relatively small sample sizes of insecure category subtypes (A and C) and disorganized category (D), secure category (B) was compared to insecure and disorganized categories combined (Fresno, Spencer, & Espinoza, 2018;Lewis-Morrarty et al, 2015). Thus, dichotomized (secure/insecure) attachment groups were used for the analyses.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Prenatal Anxiety and Children’s Externalizing and Internalizing Behavioral Problems: The Moderating Roles of Maternal-Child Attachment Security and Child Sex

et al. 2019

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Background Prenatal anxiety is associated with child behavioral problems. Prenatal anxiety is predictive of postnatal anxiety which can interfere with the security of maternal-child attachment and further raise the risk of child behavior problems. Secure maternal-child attachment is essential for optimal emotional health. Sex influences the type of behavior problem experienced. There is a gap in understanding whether attachment security and the sex of the child can moderate association between prenatal anxiety and children’s behavioral problems. Purpose To examine the association between prenatal anxiety and child behavioral problems and to test the moderating effects of attachment security and child sex on the association between prenatal anxiety and child behavioral problems. Methods Secondary analysis of data from 182 mothers and their children, enrolled in the Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition Study using Hayes' (2013) conditional process modeling. Results Prenatal anxiety was associated with both externalizing ( b = −0.53; standard error ( SE) = 0.20; p = 0.009) and internalizing ( b = −0.32; SE = 0.13; p = 0.01) behaviors only in children with an insecure style of attachment. Child sex did not moderate the association between prenatal anxiety and children's behavioral problems. Conclusions Attachment security moderated the association between prenatal anxiety and children’s externalizing and internalizing behavioral problems.

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Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Prenatal Anxiety and Children’s Externalizing and Internalizing Behavioral Problems: The Moderating Roles of Maternal-Child Attachment Security and Child Sex

et al. 2019

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“…A large body of research indicates that insecure attachment patterns are associated with interpersonal trauma (Allen et al, 1998; Cyr et al, 2010; Fresno et al, 2018; Raby et al, 2017) as well as posttraumatic symptomatology (Bakermans-Kranenburg & van Ijzendoorn, 2009; Barone, 2003; Lin et al, 2020; Ogawa et al, 1997; Woodhouse et al, 2015). Furthermore, some studies have shown that these patterns mediate various trauma-related symptoms (Briere et al, 2017; Muller et al, 2012; Roche et al, 1999; Smagur et al, 2018).…”

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confidence: 99%

Adult Attachment as a Mediator of the Link Between Interpersonal Trauma and International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11 Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Among College Men and Women

Sandberg

Refrea

2022

J Interpers Violence

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Previous research indicates that insecure attachment patterns are associated with interpersonal trauma and posttraumatic symptomatology, and that they mediate various trauma-related symptoms. However, no study to date has examined whether these patterns mediate the link between interpersonal trauma and the newly recognized diagnostic features of complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD), as published by the World Health Organization (2019) in the 11th version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). Mediators of CPTSD are important to identify because they can provide a deeper understanding of the condition’s etiology. Moreover, if amenable to clinical intervention, they can be targeted to improve treatment effectiveness. The purpose of the present study was to formally test our hypothesis that two underlying dimensions of adult attachment insecurity (i.e., attachment anxiety and avoidance) would mediate the link between interpersonal trauma and ICD-11 CPTSD symptoms. Participants were a culturally diverse sample of 169 college men and women. They completed a modified version of the Life Events Checklist (LEC-5), the revised Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR-R) scale, and the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ). Results of path analysis partially supported our hypothesis, indicating that attachment anxiety, but not avoidance, partially mediated the link between interpersonal trauma and PTSD and DSO (“Disturbances in Self-Organization”) features of CPTSD. Although longitudinal research is needed, findings suggest that attachment anxiety may contribute to the development and maintenance of CPTSD symptoms following interpersonal trauma. Clinical interventions that help individuals rework and integrate representations of attachment that involve a fear of not being able to access adequate care and protection, and a negative view of self may be particularly useful in ameliorating the symptoms of CPTSD.

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“…Cohen’s kappa for inter-rater reliability was 0.73. Due to the relatively small group sample sizes of insecure category subtypes (A and C) and disorganized (D), we dichotomized the sample into two groups, which is common in published research ( Lewis-Morrarty et al, 2015 ; Fresno et al, 2018 ). The dichotomized groups used in the analyses were comprised of infants classified as secure (B) versus insecure (A, C, and D) and disorganized (D) versus organized (A, B, C).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations Among Parental Caregiving Quality, Cannabinoid Receptor 1 Expression-Based Polygenic Scores, and Infant-Parent Attachment: Evidence for Differential Genetic Susceptibility?

et al. 2021

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Attachment is a biological evolutionary system contributing to infant survival. When primary caregivers/parents are sensitive and responsive to their infants’ needs, infants develop a sense of security. Secure infant attachment has been linked to healthy brain and organ-system development. Belsky and colleagues proposed the term differential susceptibility to describe context-dependent associations between genetic variations and behavioral outcomes as a function of parenting environments. Variations in the Cannabinoid Receptor Gene 1 (CNR1) are associated with memory, mood, and reward and connote differential susceptibility to more and less optimal parental caregiving quality in predicting children’s behavioral problems.AimTo determine if parental caregiving quality interacts with children’s expression-based polygenic risk score (ePRS) for the CNR1 gene networks in the prefrontal cortex, striatum, and hippocampus in predicting the probability of attachment security and disorganized attachment.DesignProspective correlational methods examined maternal-infant pairs (n = 142) from which infants provided DNA samples at 3 months. Parental caregiving quality was assessed via the Child Adult Relationship Experiment (CARE)-index at 6 months, and attachment security via the Strange Situation Procedure at a mean age of 22 months. The CNR1 ePRSs include genes co-expressed with the CNR1 genes in the prefrontal cortex, striatum, or hippocampus, and were calculated using the effect size of the association between the individual single nucleotide polymorphisms from those genes and region-specific gene expression (GTEx). Logistic regression was employed (alpha < 0.05, two-tailed) to examine the main and interaction effects between parental caregiving quality and ePRSs in predicting attachment patterns. Interpretation of results was aided by analyses that distinguished between differential susceptibility and diathesis-stress.ResultsSignificant interactions were observed between (1) maternal sensitivity and ePRS in the striatum in predicting attachment security, (2) maternal unresponsiveness with the ePRS in the hippocampus in predicting disorganization, and (3) maternal controlling with the ePRS in the hippocampus in predicting disorganization.ConclusionThese findings offer support for genetic differential susceptibility to the quality of maternal sensitivity in the context of the ePRS in the striatum. However, the significant interactions between hippocampal ePRS and maternal unresponsiveness and controlling in predicting the probability of disorganization were more suggestive of the diathesis-stress model.

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Does the Type of Abuse Matter? Study on the Quality of Child Attachment Narratives in a Sample of Abused Children

Cited by 13 publications

References 27 publications

Maternal Prenatal Anxiety and Children’s Externalizing and Internalizing Behavioral Problems: The Moderating Roles of Maternal-Child Attachment Security and Child Sex

Maternal Prenatal Anxiety and Children’s Externalizing and Internalizing Behavioral Problems: The Moderating Roles of Maternal-Child Attachment Security and Child Sex

Adult Attachment as a Mediator of the Link Between Interpersonal Trauma and International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11 Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Among College Men and Women

Associations Among Parental Caregiving Quality, Cannabinoid Receptor 1 Expression-Based Polygenic Scores, and Infant-Parent Attachment: Evidence for Differential Genetic Susceptibility?

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