“…For example, an income effect from the cash transfer could relieve financially stressed individuals, thereby reducing the need to engage in financially motivated crimes, such as burglary, robbery, and theft (Foley, 2011;Mejia & Camacho, 2013;Chioda, De Mello, & Soares, 2016;Carr & Packham, 2019). The income effect can also act in the opposite direction as cash recipients increase their consumption of normal goods, including those that are complements to crime, such as leisure, drugs, or alcohol (Riddell & Riddell, 2006;Dobkin & Puller, 2007;Evans & Popova, 2014;White & Basu, 2016;Castellari et al, 2017). A cash transfer may also increase the supply of cash and purchased goods available to potential offenders in the streets, thereby increasing the expected utility of crime through a "loot effect," leading to an increase in financially motivated crimes (Borraz & Munyo, 2015;Wright et al, 2017).…”