Does socioeconomic development lead to more equal distribution of green space? Evidence from Chinese cities

Wu, Longfeng; Kim, Seung Kyum

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143780

Cited by 39 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…This finding is similar to the previous study in Wuhan, which found inconsiderable correlation between population density and walking accessibility to parks [20]. Wu and Kim [54] investigated 221 cities in China and found that areas with high population density suffered more serious inequity problems. Moreover, we found that the areas with higher urban land proportion were disadvantaged at park accessibility in 2015, which means that the construction of parks lags behind the urbanization process.…”

Section: Spatiotemporal Disparity In Response To Population and Land ...supporting

confidence: 90%

Effects of Urbanization on the Dynamics and Equity of Access to Urban Parks from 2000 to 2015 in Beijing, China

Kong

Sun

2021

Forests

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Urban parks provide multiple ecosystem services as an important element of the urban space and improve human health and wellbeing. This study used the Gaussian-based 2SFCA method to evaluate the spatiotemporal distribution of and changes in park accessibility within the Sixth Ring Road in Beijing over 15 years. The study also used bivariate correlation analysis to analyze the relationship between urbanization factors and park access. The results showed that the overall park accessibility in both quantity and proximity had increased from 2000 to 2015, but there were still certain areas (percentage) that had limited access to parks. The inequity of distribution in park accessibility had been detected accompanying the rapid increase in park quantity in 2015. Furthermore, the development of urban parks mismatched that of urbanization in terms of urban land increase. The correlation between accessibility changes and population urbanization is not significant. Proper urban green space planning based on the distribution of population density and urban land use is indispensable in avoiding the aggravation of inequity in the process of urban expansion. This study contributes to the assessment of the current park allocation efficiency and helps urban planners and policymakers make prompt adjustments in the rapidly urbanizing process.

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Section: Spatiotemporal Disparity In Response To Population and Land ...supporting

confidence: 90%

Effects of Urbanization on the Dynamics and Equity of Access to Urban Parks from 2000 to 2015 in Beijing, China

Kong

Sun

2021

Forests

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“…During the same period, as a famous city with mountains and rivers, the balanced allocation of green resources was an important goal of local governments. The growth rate of per capita park area in Chongqing among all cities in China was the highest over 40% [18] and Chongqing was named as the National Garden City in 2009. The selected research area is Chongqing's urban core area defined in the current Chongqing master plan, with an area of about 180 km 2 and a total of 51 subdistrict units (Figure 2).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite economic dimension. [16][17][18] Wang et al pointed out that physical and locational features of parks (e.g., proximity, park quantity, and scale) were the most important factors influencing park equity. [16] In suburban regions, parks could be concentrated as such parks generally have a large scale and limited number.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of the Impact of Park Scale on Urban Park Equity Based on 21 Incremental Scenarios in the Urban Core Area of Chongqing, China

Diao

2021

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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some positive signs toward reducing inequality in some dimensions, inequality still persists. Inequalities are deepening for vulnerable populations. Refugees and migrants, as well as indigenous peoples, elder individuals, people with disabilities and children are particularly at risk of being left behind. Urban park is an important kind of public resource, boasting economic, aesthetic, health and ecological values and providing indispensable space for urban residents' life. [1] However, an increasingly number of studies have revealed that the problem of inequitably distributed urban parks across socioeconomic groups presents a challenge to cities. [2][3][4] Particularly in developing countries which are undergoing rapid urbanization, such inequalities may have been aggravated. [5] Studies of urban park equity have generally investigated the difference of spatial accessibility of urban parks taking account of population with socioeconomic attributes. Such studies perform classification based on different attributes such as incomes, ages, and ethnic groups to quantitatively analyze the relationship between spatial distribution of urban parks and spatial clustering of social groups, so as to estimate the disparities in spatial provision. For developed counties in Europe and the United States, many studies have revealed that the groups of the ethnic minorities and the lowincome have less access to green space or parks compared with the groups of white people and the high-income. [1,4,6,7] Whilst black communities have less distance from residence to the nearest park, white communities are benefiting from parks with much larger areas, causing more crowded park space accessed by black communities. [8] Moreover, many low-income group people are forced to move to suburb because of trends such as urban deindustrialization, white migration, and urban center gentrification, which bring high pressure to provision of parks in urban suburb. [9,10] In Chinese literature, however, there is no consensus among scholars about the urban park equity with the socioeconomic status of residents. Parks and green spaces could be equally distributed with good access for vulnerable groups in some cities [11][12][13] but others could not. [14,15] Many studies have further investigated the driving factors to the urban park equity, such as physical, transport, social, and Whilst many cities have implemented strategies for urban park supply, the expected outcome may be productively poor, aggravating the inequality. However, little evidence of reducing urban park inequality through regulating urban park scale has been presented. The indicators of accessibility per capita park area, Gini coefficient, and accessible park share are adopted to assess the urban park inequality in Chongqing and examine park scale impacts, through 21 incremental scenarios. Whilst the overall urban park equity is relatively reasonable in Chongqing's core area, the park accessibility is markedly unequal in distribution. There is no significant difference between the age-...

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“…Although this inequity has been quantified and mapped, the underlying mechanisms of UGS access inequity and potential mitigation measures are not fully understood. Economic development and urban afforestation-related policies might exert divergent impacts on UGS distributions [11]. A review of the local contexts moderating UGS access inequality in various cities across different countries and continents may provide critical insights in this field of research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Literature Review Reveals a Global Access Inequity to Urban Green Spaces

et al. 2022

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Differences in the accessibility to urban resources between different racial and socioeconomic groups have exerted pressure on effective planning and management for sustainable city development. However, few studies have examined the multiple factors that may influence the mitigation of urban green spaces (UGS) inequity. This study reports the results of a systematic mapping of access inequity research through correspondence analysis (CA) to reveal critical trends, knowledge gaps, and clusters based on a sample of 49 empirical studies screened from 563 selected papers. Our findings suggest that although the scale of cities with UGS access inequity varies between countries, large cities (more than 1,000,000 population), especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), are particularly affected. Moreover, the number of cities in which high socioeconomic status (high-SES) groups (e.g., young, rich, or employed) are at an advantage concerning access to UGS is substantially higher than the number of cities showing better accessibility for low-SES groups. Across the reviewed papers, analyses on mitigating interventions are sparse, and among the few studies that touch upon this, we found different central issues in local mitigating strategies between high-income countries (HICs) and LMICs. An explanatory framework is offered, explaining the interaction between UGS access inequity and local mitigating measures.

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Does socioeconomic development lead to more equal distribution of green space? Evidence from Chinese cities

Cited by 39 publications

References 72 publications

Effects of Urbanization on the Dynamics and Equity of Access to Urban Parks from 2000 to 2015 in Beijing, China

Effects of Urbanization on the Dynamics and Equity of Access to Urban Parks from 2000 to 2015 in Beijing, China

Analysis of the Impact of Park Scale on Urban Park Equity Based on 21 Incremental Scenarios in the Urban Core Area of Chongqing, China

Literature Review Reveals a Global Access Inequity to Urban Green Spaces

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