Does Resource Availability Affect the Diet and Behavior of the Vulnerable Squirrel Monkey, Saimiri vanzolinii?

Paim, Fernanda Pozzan; Chapman, Colin A.; Queiroz, Helder Lima de; Paglia, Adriano Pereira

doi:10.1007/s10764-017-9968-7

Cited by 65 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…This pattern may also be observed, however, in non-strictly frugivorous species, such as squirrel monkeys. For example, the diet of S. sciureus and S. vanzolinii in the Amazon forest (native habitat) varied according to availability of fruits [Stone, 2007;Hawes and Peres, 2014;Paim et al, 2017]. In this study, we identified a monthly relationship between fruit production and the frequency of seeds found in faeces, as well as their size.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

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Can a Non-Native Primate Be a Potential Seed Disperser? A Case Study on Saimiri sciureus in Pernambuco State, Brazil

Oliveira-Silva¹,

Campêlo²,

Lima³

et al. 2018

IJFP

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The interaction between native fleshy-fruit plants and introduced fruit consumers contributes to the dynamics of highly fragmented environments. Such interactions can occur through pollination and seed dispersal. Here, we investigated the potential of seed dispersing by a non-native primate, the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus), in an urban Atlantic forest fragment in north-eastern Brazil. Fleshy fruits from non-native plants were preferentially exploited by the squirrel monkeys. We measured 147 seeds (width and length) from 20 of 106 faecal samples. The dispersed seeds were from five plant species (four families). We found a positive correlation between the size of seeds found in faecal samples with their availability in the habitat. Only one seed was found visually damaged after passage through the squirrel monkeys’ guts. The defecated seeds were uniformly distributed (variance to mean ratio index) in the home range of squirrel monkeys, and there was a lack of specific latrines (i.e., habitat preference for defecation). Our data provide evidence that non-native S. sciureus may in be (i) acting as a potential seed disperser of native plants in the Atlantic forest fragment, (ii) contributing to the ecological role of native frugivores, and (iii) potentially contributing to the regeneration process of the highly degraded study site.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…), are able to disperse small seeds due to their high frugivory levels in their native habitat, the Amazon forest [Stone 2007;Hawes and Peres, 2014;Paim et al, 2017]. In Atlantic forest fragments, however, where the species has been illegally released (i.e., it is a non-native species), there are no studies on its diet and role in seed dispersal.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Can a Non-Native Primate Be a Potential Seed Disperser? A Case Study on Saimiri sciureus in Pernambuco State, Brazil

Oliveira-Silva¹,

Campêlo²,

Lima³

et al. 2018

IJFP

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“…In any given area, primate diet and pattern of habitat use are determined by environmental factors, that is. seasonality and food availability (Chapman, ; Paim, Chapman, Queiroz, & Paglia, ). In várzeas of Amazonia, the river water level is the most influential seasonal variable (Ayres, ; Ramalho et al, ), and changes in this variable are associated with fruiting peaks that affect S. vanzolinii feeding behavior (Paim et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, upland forests are poor in alluvial sediments which largely provide the macronutrients required by plants and influence primary productivity available for consumption by herbivores (Junk & Piedade, ; Peres, ). Thus, it is not surprising that primate abundance in várzea forests is considerably greater than in upland forests, especially for Saimiri, a primate genus with generalist feeding habits that may be better adapted to seasonal fluctuations of fruit availability (Haugaasen & Peres, ; Paim et al, ; Peres, ). Other mammals also show high populations densities in várzeas .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long‐term population monitoring of the threatened and endemic black‐headed squirrel monkey (Saimiri vanzolinii) shows the importance of protected areas for primate conservation in Amazonia

Paim

Bizri

Paglia

et al. 2019

American J Primatol

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Population monitoring of endangered species is essential to the improvement of their management and conservation plans. The black-headed squirrel monkey (Saimiri vanzolinii) is a vulnerable species on the IUCN Red List and has extreme geographical endemism, exhibiting the smallest known distribution among Neotropical primates (ca. 870 km 2 ), over 90% of which occurs in white-water flooded forests within the Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve (MSDR), Brazilian Amazonia. To assess the effectiveness of this protected area in conserving the species, we conducted population monitoring of black-headed squirrel monkeys across five consecutive years (2009-2013) on nine trails 2 km each. Each year samples included both low andhigh river water periods. We used the distance sampling method, recording the distance to each observed social group as well as counting component individuals. We also calculated annual encounter rates based on the number of individuals sighted every 10 km traveled. Densities ranged from 256 individuals/km 2 (2011) to 453 individuals/km 2 (2013), and no seasonal differences were detected. Population size was estimated to be 147,848 mature individuals. Encounter rates ranged from 100 individuals/10 km (2010) to 179 individuals/10 km (2013); no significant difference among years was found. We found that S. vanzolinii populations remained stable throughout the years, which indicates that the MSDR has been playing an essential role on protecting this species. Due to difficulties of fulfilling assumptions of the distance sampling method, we consider the encounter rate analysis to be more effective for monitoring this and other Saimiri species. Given the critical endemism and worrying conservation status of S. vanzolinii, we suggest that monitoring of the species population should be carried out regularly.

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Influence of food availability and climate on behavior patterns of western black crested gibbons (Nomascus concolor) at Mt. Wuliang, Yunnan, China

Ning

Guo

Huang

et al. 2019

American J Primatol

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Food abundance and climatic factors can significantly affect the behavior of animals and constrain their activity budgets. The population of western black crested gibbons (Nomascus concolor) in Mt. Wuliang lives in montane forest and is close to the northern extreme of the distribution for gibbons (Hylobatidae). Their habitats show remarkable seasonal variation in terms of food availability, temperature, and rainfall.To understand behavioral adaptations of western black crested gibbons to different sets of ecological conditions, we examined relationships among food availability, mean temperature, rainfall, and behavior patterns by observing two groups for 1 year each. Our results revealed that activity budget was affected by food availability and mean temperature. The gibbons spent more time eating flowers when that resource was more available and spent less time moving when fruit was more available. The gibbons spent less time feeding and more time resting, and spent less feeding time on fruit and leaves when the mean temperature was lower. These results suggest that the gibbons displayed a pronounced preference for flowers as a food resource and adopted a time minimizer strategy when high-nutrient food items (i.e., fruit) were more available. In addition, the gibbons adopted an energy-conserving strategy during periods of low temperature. The flexibility of behavioral patterns in responding to food availability and temperature may potentially improve the gibbons' prospects of surviving and reproducing in a northern montane forest. K E Y W O R D Sbehavior patterns, food availability, Mt.Wuliang, Nomascus concolor, seasonal variation, temperature and rainfall

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Does Resource Availability Affect the Diet and Behavior of the Vulnerable Squirrel Monkey, Saimiri vanzolinii?

Cited by 65 publications

References 44 publications

Can a Non-Native Primate Be a Potential Seed Disperser? A Case Study on Saimiri sciureus in Pernambuco State, Brazil

Can a Non-Native Primate Be a Potential Seed Disperser? A Case Study on Saimiri sciureus in Pernambuco State, Brazil

Long‐term population monitoring of the threatened and endemic black‐headed squirrel monkey (Saimiri vanzolinii) shows the importance of protected areas for primate conservation in Amazonia

Influence of food availability and climate on behavior patterns of western black crested gibbons (Nomascus concolor) at Mt. Wuliang, Yunnan, China

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