Does Pizza Prime Coin? Perceptual Priming in Lexical Decision and Pronunciation

Pecher, Diane; Zeelenberg, René; Raaijmakers, Jeroen G. W.

doi:10.1006/jmla.1997.2557

Cited by 85 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(70 reference statements)

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“…For instance, in sentence-picture verification experiments, Zwaan, Stanfield, and Yaxley (2002) observed congruency effects between a shape implied in a sentence and a shape shown in a picture. Furthermore, several studies have observed perceptual priming in lexical decision, where a response to a target word (e.g., ''coin'') is faster when a preceding prime word has a referent with a shape similar to the target word's referent (e.g., ''pizza'') than when the prime word has a referent with a different shape (e.g., ''table''; Moss, McCormick, & Tyler, 1997;Schreuder, Flores d'Arcais, & Glazenborg, 1984; but see Pecher, Zeelenberg, & Raaijmakers, 1998). Kellenbach, Wijers, and Mulder (2000) showed that at the neurophysiological level this shape priming was reflected in the N400, with N400 amplitude being smaller when prime and target had similarly shaped referents than when these were different.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The contents of predictions in sentence comprehension: Activation of the shape of objects before they are referred to

et al. 2013

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When comprehending concrete words, listeners and readers can activate specific visual information such as the shape of the words’ referents. In two experiments we examined whether such information can be activated in an anticipatory fashion. In Experiment 1, listeners’ eye movements were tracked while they were listening to sentences that were predictive of a specific critical word (e.g., “moon” in “In 1969 Neil Armstrong was the first man to set foot on the moon”). 500 ms before the acoustic onset of the critical word, participants were shown four-object displays featuring three unrelated distractor objects and a critical object, which was either the target object (e.g., moon), an object with a similar shape (e.g., tomato), or an unrelated control object (e.g., rice). In a time window before shape information from the spoken target word could be retrieved, participants already tended to fixate both the target and the shape competitors more often than they fixated the control objects, indicating that they had anticipatorily activated the shape of the upcoming word's referent. This was confirmed in Experiment 2, which was an ERP experiment without picture displays. Participants listened to the same lead-in sentences as in Experiment 1. The sentence-final words corresponded to the predictable target, the shape competitor, or the unrelated control object (yielding, for instance, “In 1969 Neil Armstrong was the first man to set foot on the moon/tomato/rice”). N400 amplitude in response to the final words was significantly attenuated in the shape-related compared to the unrelated condition. Taken together, these results suggest that listeners can activate perceptual attributes of objects before they are referred to in an utterance

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The contents of predictions in sentence comprehension: Activation of the shape of objects before they are referred to

et al. 2013

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“…Woolsey, 1997), (2) prime or target visibility (Balota, 1983;Balota, Yap, Cortese, & Watson, 2008;Kiefer & Martens, 2010;Stolz & Neely, 1995;Thomas, Neely, & O'Connor, 2012), (3) response tasks (Hutchison, Balota, Cortese, & Watson, 2008;Kahan, Neely, & Forsythe, 1999;Pecher, Zeelenberg, &Raaijmakers, 1998), (4) prime-target relation type (Chiarello, Burgess, Richards, & Pollock, 1990;Hodgson, 1991;Moss, Ostrin, Tyler, & Marslen-Wilson, 1995), and (5) developmental or individual differences (Balota & Duchek, 1988;Moritz, Woodward, Küppers, Lausen, & Schickel, 2003;Plaut & Booth, 2000;Stanovich & West, 1979). Interactions within such factorial designs have provided the foundation for developing theories of semantic organization of knowledge and memory retrieval.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…by making certain characteristics salient to subjects. For example, priming from perceptually similar items (e.g., coin-pizza) occurs only when such items constitute a majority of the list (see Hutchison, 2003;Pecher et al, 1998). Selecting extreme values should also increase the salience of prime and target item characteristics (e.g., word frequency, regularity, imageability, etc.)…”

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confidence: 99%

The semantic priming project

Hutchison

Balota

Neely³

et al. 2013

Behav Res

117

154

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Speeded naming and lexical decision data for 1,661 target words following related and unrelated primes were collected from 768 subjects across four different universities. These behavioral measures have been integrated with demographic information for each subject and descriptive characteristics for every item. Subjects also completed portions of the Woodcock-Johnson reading battery, three attentional control tasks, and a circadian rhythm measure. These data are available at a user-friendly Internet-based repository (http://spp.montana.edu). This Web site includes a search engine designed to generate lists of prime-target pairs with specific characteristics (e.g., length, frequency, associative strength, latent semantic similarity, priming effect in standardized and raw reaction times). We illustrate the types of questions that can be addressed via the Semantic Priming Project. These data represent the largest behavioral database on semantic priming and are available to researchers to aid in selecting stimuli, testing theories, and reducing potential confounds in their studies.Keywords Semantic priming . Large database . Individual differences . Item differences The semantic priming projectThere is an extensive literature concerning the influence of semantic/associative context on word recognition (see McNamara, 2005;Neely, 1991). This work has been critical in developing a better understanding of the nature of semantic representations, lexical retrieval processes, automatic and attentional mechanisms, and differences across various populations. In the semantic priming paradigm, subjects are presented with a target word (e.g., table) for a speeded response (typically, pronunciation or lexical decision) that was immediately preceded by either a related (e.g., chair) or an unrelated (e.g., watch) prime word. The semantic priming effect refers to the consistent finding that people respond faster to target words preceded by related, relative to unrelated, primes.The vast majority of semantic priming studies have employed factorial experimental designs in which the effect of prime-target relatedness is crossed with another variable or variables to test for interactions in which the size of priming depends upon another variable or combination of variables. These other variables may include (1) target lexical characteristics

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“…In the present study, we propose that the degree of activation of visual information in the process of object categorization might depend on the situational relevance of this information (Chaigneau, Barsalou, & Samani, 2009;Pecher et al, 1998). We define this situational relevance as the result of the visual and semantic relations between the objects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

The Role of Shape in Semantic Memory Organization of Objects

Weelden

Schilperoord

Swerts

et al. 2015

Experimental Psychology

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Visual information contributes fundamentally to the process of object categorization. The present study investigated whether the degree of activation of visual information in this process is dependent on the situational relevance of this information. We used the Proactive Interference (PI) paradigm. In two experiments, we manipulated the information by which objects could be retrieved from memory: by both semantic and shape information or by shape information only. The pattern of PI-release showed that if objects could be stored and retrieved both by semantic and shape information, then shape information was overruled by semantic information. If, however, semantic information could not be (satisfactorily) used to store and retrieve objects, then objects were stored in memory in terms of their shape.

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Does Pizza Prime Coin? Perceptual Priming in Lexical Decision and Pronunciation

Cited by 85 publications

References 25 publications

The contents of predictions in sentence comprehension: Activation of the shape of objects before they are referred to

The contents of predictions in sentence comprehension: Activation of the shape of objects before they are referred to

The semantic priming project

The Role of Shape in Semantic Memory Organization of Objects

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