Does Nitrogen Dioxide Exposure Increase Airways Responsiveness?

Folinsbee, Lawrence J.

doi:10.1177/074823379200800505

Cited by 90 publications

(51 citation statements)

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“…[14][15][16] However, other studies have shown no respiratory effects on asthmatics following exposures to even higher levels. 17,18 Controlled exposures of healthy (non-asthmatic) subjects to NO 2 concentrations above 1,000 ppb for 1 hour or longer indicate increased airway responsiveness; 16,19,20 exposures to lower NO 2 levels have not produced any effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Nitrogen Dioxide in Indoor Ice Skating Facilities: An International Survey

Bräuer

Lee²,

Spengler

et al. 1997

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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second indoor sample (collected at a spectator's area) was 221 ppb, with a range of 1-3,175 ppb. The ratio of the indoor to outdoor NO 2 concentrations was above 1 for 95% of the rinks sampled, indicating the presence of an indoor NO 2 source (mean indoor:outdoor ratio = 20). Estimates of short-term NO 2 concentrations indicated that as many as 40% of the sampled rinks would have exceeded the World Health Organization 1-hour guideline value of 213 ppb NO 2 for indoor air.Statistically significant associations were observed between NO 2 levels and the type of fuel used to power the resurfacer, ABSTRACTAn international survey of nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) levels inside indoor ice skating facilities was conducted. One-week average NO 2 concentrations were measured inside and outside of 332 ice rinks located in nine countries. Each rink manager also completed a questionnaire describing the building, the resurfacing machines, and their use patterns. The (arithmetic) mean NO 2 level for all rinks in the study was 228 ppb, with a range of 1-2,680 ppb, based on a sample collected at breathing height and adjacent to the ice surface. The mean of the Brauer, Lee, Spengler, Salonen, Pennanen, Braathen, Mihalikova, Miskovic, Nozaki, Tsuzuki, Rui-Jin, Xu, Qing-Xiang, Drahonovska, and Kjaergaard Journal of the Air & Waste Management AssociationVolume 47 October 1997 the absence of a catalytic converter on a resurfacer, and the use of an ice edger. There were also indications that decreased use of mechanical ventilation, increased number of resurfacing operations per day, and smaller rink volumes were associated with increased NO 2 levels. In rinks where the main resurfacer was powered by propane, the NO 2 concentrations were higher than in those with gasoline-powered resurfacers, while the latter had NO 2 concentrations higher than in those using diesel. Rinks where the main resurfacer was electric had the lowest indoor NO 2 concentrations, similar to the levels measured outdoors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Nitrogen Dioxide in Indoor Ice Skating Facilities: An International Survey

Bräuer

Lee²,

Spengler

et al. 1997

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…NO 2 induces an airway inflammation, probably restricted to the smaller airways and the terminal bronchioles, at least after a single exposure [15]. The main effect of NO 2 in human exposure studies has been on bronchial responsiveness, usually seen at concentrations of o1,800 mg?m -3 in healthy subjects and ,200-500 mg?m -3 in patients with asthma [16] or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) [17]. NO 2 also has an amplifying effect on the asthmatic response to allergen exposure.…”

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confidence: 99%

Short-term effects of nitrogen dioxide on mortality: an analysis within the APHEA project

Samoli¹

2006

European Respiratory Journal

277

161

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The short-term effects of nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) on total, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality in 30 European cities participating in the Air Pollution on Health: a European Approach (APHEA)-2 project were investigated.The association was examined using hierarchical models implemented in two stages. In the first stage, data from each city were analysed separately, whereas in the second stage, the cityspecific air pollution estimates were regressed on city-specific covariates to obtain overall estimates and to explore sources of possible heterogeneity.A significant association of NO 2 with total, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality was found, with stronger effects on cause-specific mortality. There was evidence of confounding in respiratory mortality with black smoke and sulphur dioxide. The effect of NO 2 on total and cardiovascular mortality was observed mainly in western and southern European cities, and was larger when smoking prevalence was lower and household gas consumption was higher. The effect of NO 2 on respiratory mortality was higher in cities with a larger proportion of elderly persons in the population and higher levels of particulate matter with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of 10 mm.The results of this large study are consistent with an independent effect of nitrogen dioxide on mortality, but the role of nitrogen dioxide as a surrogate of other unmeasured pollutants cannot be completely ruled out.

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“…Par contre , une méta -ana lyse de 25 études contrôlées [5] suggère que l'hyperréactivité bronchique chez les sujets sains augmente rait après exposition à des co ncent~a tio ns de N0 2 supérieures à 1 000 ppb . Enfin , c he z les ast hm at iqu es l'hype rréact ivité bronchique serait majorée, même pour des concentrations inférieures à 1 000 ppb de N0 2· L'effet de l'inhalation de N0 2 à la concentratio n de 400 ppb a été étudié lors de tests de provocation aux acariens, chez un nombre réduit de patients ; une légère acce ntuation du bronchospasme induit par la dose limi nair e d'allergène était obse rvée après inhalation préa lable de N0 2 (41 % de chu te du VEMS ), et cett e chute éta it majo rée après une exposition combiné e de N0 2 et de S02 (60 % de chute du VEMS) [6].…”

Section: Les Polluants Chimiques Domestiquesunclassified