Does metabolic status affect serum levels of BDNF and MMP-9 in patients with schizophrenia?

Arabska, Jaśmina; Margulska, Aleksandra; Strzelecki, Dominik; Wysokiński, Adam

doi:10.1080/08039488.2019.1658126

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Additionally, we acknowledge that while the reported correlations are medium strong, the statistical tests were not corrected for multiple comparisons, and the significance would not survive a Bonferroni multiple-comparison correction (likely due to the small sample size). While we demonstrated that MMP9 is not associated with antipsychotic medication, more extensive studies should examine additional factors, such as sex [59,60], nicotine [61,62], alcohol [63], and metabolic dysregulations [64]. Furthermore, while we do not see an association between MMP9 levels and hippocampal volumes in healthy individuals, this does not mean that our finding is specific to SCZ.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Directionscontrasting

confidence: 64%

The association of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) with hippocampal volume in schizophrenia: a preliminary MRI study

Seitz-Holland

Seethaler

Makris

et al. 2021

Neuropsychopharmacol.

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Matrix metalloproteinases 9 (MMP9) are enzymes involved in regulating neuroplasticity in the hippocampus. This, combined with evidence for disrupted hippocampal structure and function in schizophrenia, has prompted our current investigation into the relationship between MMP9 and hippocampal volumes in schizophrenia. 34 healthy individuals (mean age = 32.50, male = 21, female = 13) and 30 subjects with schizophrenia (mean age = 33.07, male = 19, female = 11) underwent a blood draw and T1weighted magnetic resonance imaging. The hippocampus was automatically segmented utilizing FreeSurfer. MMP9 plasma levels were measured with ELISA. ANCOVAs were conducted to compare MMP9 plasma levels (corrected for age and sex) and hippocampal volumes between groups (corrected for age, sex, total intracranial volume). Spearman correlations were utilized to investigate the relationship between symptoms, medication, duration of illness, number of episodes, and MMP9 plasma levels in patients. Last, we explored the correlation between MMP9 levels and hippocampal volumes in patients and healthy individuals separately. Patients displayed higher MMP9 plasma levels than healthy individuals (F(1, 60) = 21.19, p < 0.0001). MMP9 levels correlated with negative symptoms in patients (R = 0.39, p = 0.035), but not with medication, duration of illness, or the number of episodes. Further, patients had smaller left (F(1,59) = 9.12, p = 0.0040) and right (F(1,59) = 6.49, p = 0.013) hippocampal volumes. Finally, left (R = −0.39, p = 0.034) and right (R = −0.37, p = 0.046) hippocampal volumes correlated negatively with MMP9 plasma levels in patients. We observe higher MMP9 plasma levels in SCZ, associated with lower hippocampal volumes, suggesting involvement of MMP9 in the pathology of SCZ. Future studies are needed to investigate how MMP9 influences the pathology of SCZ over the lifespan, whether the observed associations are specific for schizophrenia, and if a therapeutic modulation of MMP9 promotes neuroprotective effects in SCZ.

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Section: Limitations and Future Directionscontrasting

confidence: 64%

The association of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) with hippocampal volume in schizophrenia: a preliminary MRI study

Seitz-Holland

Seethaler

Makris

et al. 2021

Neuropsychopharmacol.

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“…This led to inclusion of 29 studies in the final qualitative synthesis and quantitative meta‐analysis (Figure ; PRISMA flowchart). 23 studies addressed objective 1 (patients with SCZ spectrum disorders vs. HCs), 27–49 and 10 addressed objective 2 (effect of AP treatment in patients with SCZ spectrum disorders) 38,40–42,50–55 . Study numbers do not add to 29 as four studies addressed both objectives 38,40–42 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adiposity in schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Smith

Singh

Lee

et al. 2021

Acta Psychiatr Scand

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Objective Although a relationship between schizophrenia (SCZ), antipsychotic (AP) medication, and metabolic dysregulation is now well established, the effect of adiposity is less well understood. By synthesizing findings from imaging techniques that measure adiposity, our systematic review and meta‐analysis (PROSPERO CRD42020192977) aims to determine the adiposity‐related effects of illness and treatment in this patient population. Methods We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO and Scopus for all relevant case‐control and prospective longitudinal studies from inception until February 2021. Measures of adiposity including percent body fat (%BF), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were analyzed as primary outcomes. Results Our search identified 29 articles that used imaging methods to quantify adiposity among patients with SCZ spectrum disorders. Analyses revealed that patients have greater %BF (mean difference (MD) = 3.09%; 95% CI: 0.75–5.44), SAT (MD = 24.29 cm2; 95% CI: 2.97–45.61) and VAT (MD = 33.73 cm2, 95% CI: 4.19–63.27) compared to healthy controls. AP treatment was found to increase SAT (MD = 31.98 cm2; 95% CI: 11.33–52.64) and VAT (MD = 16.30 cm2; 95% CI: 8.17–24.44) with no effect on %BF. However, change in %BF was higher for AP‐free/AP‐naïve patients compared to treated patients. Conclusion Our findings indicate that patients with SCZ spectrum disorders have greater adiposity than healthy controls, which is increased by AP treatment. Young, AP‐naïve patients may be particularly susceptible to this effect. Future studies should explore the effect of specific APs on adiposity and its relation to overall metabolic health.

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“…Changes that occurred over time from T1 to T2 were differentiated significantly for the REH vs. CON 3-month PANSS Total and BDNF results, but not for MMP-9. Several studies pooling BDNF and MMP-9 data, as well as clinical variables, can be found [2,5,13,48,49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity during rehabilitation therapy of schizophrenic patients – environmental pilot study

Markiewicz¹,

Markiewicz-Gospodarek²,

Dobrowolska³

et al. 2023

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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Introduction and Objective.The aim of the study was to evaluate the peripheral level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) during rehabilitation therapy, combined with neurofeedback in schizophrenic patients, and to investigate whether these biomarkers are related to psychopathological symptoms, changes in auditory evoked potentials (AEPs), and quantitative EEG (QEEGs) mapping. Materials and method. The study involved two groups of patients diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia in partial remission who participated in a 3-month structured rehabilitation programme combined with neurofeedback (REH group) and a standard support group (CON group). The following parameters were assessed: BDNF and MMP-9 serum levels, AEPs, QEEGs, and psychopathological symptoms (PANSS). Results. A clinical improvement within the 3-month rehabilitation therapy course was correlated with the increase in BDNF and MMP-9 serum level. Despite the increase in BDNF and MMP-9 during the 3-month rehabilitation therapy, it was not possible to demonstrate any strong and significant correlation between the 2 examined neuropeptides. During the 3-month rehabilitation therapy, the theta waveform share reduction in QEEG, P50 latency reduction and amplitude increase correlated with PANSS Total and MMP-9 results. Conclusions. All clinical (PANSS Positive, Negative, General, Total) and biochemical results (BDNF, MMP-9) of the REH group changed significantly over the 3-month period. Positive symptoms improved only in the CON group.

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Does metabolic status affect serum levels of BDNF and MMP-9 in patients with schizophrenia?

Cited by 11 publications

References 39 publications

The association of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) with hippocampal volume in schizophrenia: a preliminary MRI study

The association of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) with hippocampal volume in schizophrenia: a preliminary MRI study

Adiposity in schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity during rehabilitation therapy of schizophrenic patients – environmental pilot study

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