Does Malnutrition Have a Genetic Component?

Duggal, Priya; Petri, William A.

doi:10.1146/annurev-genom-083117-021340

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…of our study findings Our nomogram is derived from a single racial group (Black African infants) residing in a single country. This is very relevant because of the relationship between genetic endowment and the environment on growth and development in utero [23,24]. Therefore, the HC references developed in the present study are more appropriate for the Nigerian population compared with the currently available references such as the INTERGROWTH and US derived HC normogram [4,5].…”

Section: Clinical Usefulness and Applicabilitymentioning

confidence: 98%

Head Circumference of Babies at Birth in Nigeria

Pam

Yilgwan

Shwe

et al. 2019

Journal of Tropical Pediatrics

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Background and Objectives Measuring head circumference (HC) of newborns is an important tool for evaluating intra-uterine brain development. HC reference charts currently in use in Nigeria are not representative of the local population. We thus present locally derived HC reference data for Nigerian infants at birth. Subjects and Methods We reviewed birth records of all infants at the Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH) over a 10 year period from January 2006. JUTH is a tertiary care center offering obstetric services to a large population of women in Jos and its environs. All births with gestational age between 28 and 42 weeks were included in the study. STATA version 14 was used to calculate gestational age associated HC percentile measurements. Results We included 18 282 babies to generate the reference values. The mean HC value was 34.4 ± 2.1 cm (M = 34.6 ± 2.16 cm, F = 34.1 ± 2.02 cm, p < 0.001). Our HC reference values significantly differ from the USA and INTERGROWTH-21 charts currently in use in our country. Mean HC was higher in male infants compared with female infants. This difference was uniformly so across all gestational age groups. Conclusions The use of our locally derived HC reference values could be more appropriate in defining normal head growth in Nigerian infant populations thereby improving newborn care.

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Section: Clinical Usefulness and Applicabilitymentioning

confidence: 98%

Head Circumference of Babies at Birth in Nigeria

Pam

Yilgwan

Shwe

et al. 2019

Journal of Tropical Pediatrics

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“…Together with the risk of obesity for a child with a larger caregiver, a child may also be predisposed to undernutrition due to malnourished caregivers. The mother's prenatal nutritional status, infections, and intestinal inflammation were also thought to contribute to malnutrition risk, showing genetics to influence many biological pathways which increase the risk of malnutrition [46]. By understanding the risk of malnutrition due to genetics, early intervention can start to reduce the risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caregivers’ Knowledge and Food Accessibility Contributes to Childhood Malnutrition: A Case Study of Dora Nginza Hospital, South Africa

Clarke

Zuma

Tambe

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Amongst the problems facing South Africa today are malnutrition and food insecurity, and there is a need for interventions and innovative strategies to address these. The aim of the study was to determine the contribution of caregivers’ knowledge of nutrition and household food security among children aged 0 to 60 months. A cross-sectional study design was applied using a quantitative approach. A convenience sample (n = 184) of caregiver–child pairs (for children 0 to 60 months) from the Dora Nginza Hospital Paediatric Outpatient Department was used. A structured questionnaire was applied to collect data on socio-economic factors, health status, household food security, and caregivers’ knowledge. In addition, interviews were conducted, and anthropometric measurements of children were taken to determine their nutritional status. The results indicate that most caregivers were female, and more than half completed high school, yet almost 75% were unemployed. Most of the caregivers (58.2%) were either overweight or obese. The results also show that only 33.2% of households were food secure, 29.3% were at risk of hunger, and 37.5% experienced hunger. The prevalence of stunting, underweight, and wasting among children in the study was high. A significant, slightly positive correlation was found between the body mass index of the caregiver and height for age. Poor socio-economic status and food inaccessibility were identified as possible underlying contributing factors to malnutrition, contributing to food insecurity and therefore poor dietary intake.

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“…The present findings may have implications at the microlevel. Malnutrition is a complex disorder not solely caused by lack of food [59]. Feeding practices and other risk factors leading to malnutrition and/or anemia may be associated with greater risk for ECC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between early childhood caries, malnutrition and anemia: a global perspective

et al. 2020

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Background: Malnutrition is the main risk factor for most common communicable diseases. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between country-level prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC), malnutrition and anemia in infants and preschool children. Methods: Matched country-level ECC, malnutrition and anemia prevalence were generated from databases covering the period 2000 to 2017. Multivariate general linear models were developed to assess the relationship between outcome variables (prevalence of stunting, wasting, overweight, and anemia) and the explanatory variable (ECC prevalence) adjusted for gross national income per capita. Adjusted regression coefficients (B) and partial eta squared were computed. Results: The mean (standard deviation (SD)) ECC prevalence was 23.8 (14.8)% for 0-2 year-olds and 57.3 (22.4)% for 3-5year-olds. The mean (SD) prevalence of wasting was 6.3 (4.8)%, overweight 7.2 (4.9)%, stunting 24.3 (13.5)%, and anemia 37.8 (18.1)%. For 0-2-year-olds, the strongest and only significant association was between the prevalence of ECC and overweight (η2 = 0.21): 1 % higher ECC prevalence was associated with 0.12% higher prevalence of overweight (B = 0.12, P = 0.03). In 3-5-year-olds, the strongest and only significant association was between the prevalence of ECC and anemia (η2 = 0.08): 1 % higher prevalence of ECC was associated with 0.14% lower prevalence of anemia (B = − 0.14, P = 0.048). Conclusion: Country-level prevalence of ECC was associated with malnutrition in 0-2-year-olds and with anemia in 3-5year-olds. The pathway for the direct relationship between ECC and overweight may be diet related. The pathway for the inverse relationship between ECC and anemia is less clear and needs further investigations.

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Does Malnutrition Have a Genetic Component?

Cited by 25 publications

References 54 publications

Head Circumference of Babies at Birth in Nigeria

Head Circumference of Babies at Birth in Nigeria

Caregivers’ Knowledge and Food Accessibility Contributes to Childhood Malnutrition: A Case Study of Dora Nginza Hospital, South Africa

Associations between early childhood caries, malnutrition and anemia: a global perspective

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