Caregivers’ Knowledge and Food Accessibility Contributes to Childhood Malnutrition: A Case Study of Dora Nginza Hospital, South Africa

Abstract

Amongst the problems facing South Africa today are malnutrition and food insecurity, and there is a need for interventions and innovative strategies to address these. The aim of the study was to determine the contribution of caregivers’ knowledge of nutrition and household food security among children aged 0 to 60 months. A cross-sectional study design was applied using a quantitative approach. A convenience sample (n = 184) of caregiver–child pairs (for children 0 to 60 months) from the Dora Nginza Hospital Paediatric Outpatient Department was used. A structured questionnaire was applied to collect data on socio-economic factors, health status, household food security, and caregivers’ knowledge. In addition, interviews were conducted, and anthropometric measurements of children were taken to determine their nutritional status. The results indicate that most caregivers were female, and more than half completed high school, yet almost 75% were unemployed. Most of the caregivers (58.2%) were either overweight or obese. The results also show that only 33.2% of households were food secure, 29.3% were at risk of hunger, and 37.5% experienced hunger. The prevalence of stunting, underweight, and wasting among children in the study was high. A significant, slightly positive correlation was found between the body mass index of the caregiver and height for age. Poor socio-economic status and food inaccessibility were identified as possible underlying contributing factors to malnutrition, contributing to food insecurity and therefore poor dietary intake.

Child undernutrition and its association with household environmental conditions in Bangladesh

“…In LMICs, child undernutrition emerges from a complex interplay of factors, including socio-economic conditions, maternal nutritional status, children's age, birth weight, birth order and family size [7,8]. It is also in uenced by inadequate access to nutritious food, poor breastfeeding, dietary and caregiving practices [9,10], parents' inadequate knowledge about healthy rearing of children [9,11] and compromised healthcare [12]. In light of these multifaceted determinants, reducing child undernutrition, i.e., stunting, wasting and underweight, in LMICs requires a holistic approach that not only addresses these known factors but also delves into the less explored aspects of this challenge.…”

“…All these indicators set a benchmark of poor household environmental conditions (HEC) that amplify the risks of diseases like diarrhoea, tuberculosis, and acute respiratory infections (ARI) that may cause death and hinder the healthy growth of the children [19,20]. These factors often intertwine, forming a complex network of in uences that leads to severe child undernutrition and adverse health outcomes [7,9,11].…”

The Relationship between Childcare-Giving Arrangements and Children’s Malnutrition Status in South Africa

“…This would include a household's socioeconomic status, living conditions, the number of people living in the home, and the primary caregiver's characteristics. These include factors such as age, employment status, and level of education [14,19,[32][33][34]. For example, if caregivers have a higher level of education, they would be knowledgeable about feeding practices and the nutritional value of different foods.…”