“…Much literature has been devoted to exploring the link between renewable energy consumption and economic growth (Chen et al, 2020). This body of work has primarily examined four plausible hypotheses including the feedback hypothesis, where it is assumed that renewable energy consumption and economic growth have a mutually beneficial relationship (Apergis and Danuletiu, 2014;Apergis and Payne, 2010;2012;Belaïd and Zrelli, 2019;Kahia et al, 2017;Lin and Moubarak, 2014;Narayan and Doytch, 2017;Salim et al, 2014;Li et al, 2022;Salim and Rafiq, 2012); the growth hypothesis, which proposes that only renewable energy consumption leads to economic growth (Bhattacharya et al, 2016;2017;Fang, 2011;Inglesi-Lotz, 2016;Magnani and Vaona, 2013;Rafindadi and Ozturk, 2016); the conservative hypothesis, suggesting that only economic growth leads to an upsurge in renewable energy consumption (Inglesi-Lotz and Dogan, 2018;Menyah and Wolde-Rufael, 2010); and finally, the neutrality hypothesis which suggests that there is no significant relationship between these two variables (Bulut and Muratoglu, 2018;Menegaki, 2011).…”