Does Glaucoma Alter Eye Movements When Viewing Images of Natural Scenes? A Between-Eye Study

Asfaw, Daniel S.; Jones, Pete R.; Mönter, Vera M.; Smith, Nicholas D.; Crabb, David P.

doi:10.1167/iovs.18-23779

Cited by 33 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…Relative angles in the north and south quadrants (neither backward nor forward) are not integral to our analyses as they are angled in directions in which we have no interest in the context of scene exploration. We are also interested in the saccadic reversal rate (SRR) described by Asfaw, Jones, Mönter, Smith, and Crabb (2018). The authors defined SRR as the proportion of relative angles occurring between 1708 and 1908.…”

Section: Analyses and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predicting artificial visual field losses: A gaze-based inference study

et al. 2019

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Visual field defects are a worldwide concern, and the proportion of the population experiencing vision loss is ever increasing. Macular degeneration and glaucoma are among the four leading causes of permanent vision loss. Identifying and characterizing visual field losses from gaze alone could prove crucial in the future for screening tests, rehabilitation therapies, and monitoring. In this experiment, 54 participants took part in a free-viewing task of visual scenes while experiencing artificial scotomas (central and peripheral) of varying radii in a gaze-contingent paradigm. We studied the importance of a set of gaze features as predictors to best differentiate between artificial scotoma conditions. Linear mixed models were utilized to measure differences between scotoma conditions. Correlation and factorial analyses revealed redundancies in our data. Finally, hidden Markov models and recurrent neural networks were implemented as classifiers in order to measure the predictive usefulness of gaze features. The results show separate saccade direction biases depending on scotoma type. We demonstrate that the saccade relative angle, amplitude, and peak velocity of saccades are the best features on the basis of which to distinguish between artificial scotomas in a free-viewing task. Finally, we discuss the usefulness of our protocol and analyses as a gaze-feature identifier tool that discriminates between artificial scotomas of different types and sizes.

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Section: Analyses and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The BSR informs about the proportion of backward-directed saccades among backward and forward saccades. The SRR(Asfaw et al, 2018) measures the number of backward saccades falling between 1708 and 1908 as a proportion of the total amount of saccades.…”

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confidence: 99%

Predicting artificial visual field losses: A gaze-based inference study

et al. 2019

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“…It would be particularly interesting to examine, for example, whether the human visual system is able to recover from chronically altered signals, in a similar way as has been reported previously in audition 42 , and in vision using prisms 43 . Likewise, AR could be used to explore whether prolonged simulated sight-loss leads to subtle changes in the 'microstructure' of eye-movements (e.g., rate of corrective saccades), as have been shown previously to occur following glaucoma 21,44 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…As with real glaucoma patients, participants were slower to perform everyday visual-search (VR) and mobility (AR) tasks when experiencing simulated VFL, and as with real patients these difficulties were exacerbated when the VFL was inferior. Furthermore, as with real patients [21][22][23] , participants made more head-and eye-movements when experiencing VFL, to compensate for their restricted field of view. Taken together, these results suggest that mixed reality (AR/ VR) technologies have interesting potential as a means of simulating the functional effects of VI in normally-sighted Lines indicate individual participants, with those who rated the Inferior condition as more difficult highlighted by purple solid line.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seeing other perspectives: evaluating the use of virtual and augmented reality to simulate visual impairments (OpenVisSim)

et al. 2020

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Simulations of visual impairment are used to educate and inform the public. However, evidence regarding their accuracy remains lacking. Here we evaluated the effectiveness of modern digital technologies to simulate the everyday difficulties caused by glaucoma. 23 normally sighted adults performed two everyday tasks that glaucoma patients often report difficulties with: a visual search task in which participants attempted to locate a mobile phone in virtual domestic environments (virtual reality (VR)), and a visual mobility task in which participants navigated a physical, room-scale environment, while impairments were overlaid using augmented reality (AR). On some trials, a gaze-contingent simulated scotoma-generated using perimetric data from a real patient with advanced glaucoma-was presented in either the superior or inferior hemifield. The main outcome measure was task completion time. Eye and head movements were also tracked and used to assess individual differences in looking behaviors. The results showed that the simulated impairments substantially impaired performance in both the VR (visual search) and AR (visual mobility) tasks (both P < 0.001). Furthermore, and in line with previous patient data: impairments were greatest when the simulated Visual Field Loss (VFL) was inferior versus superior (P < 0.001), participants made more eye and head movements in the inferior VFL condition (P < 0.001), and participants rated the inferior VFL condition as more difficult (P < 0.001). Notably, the difference in performance between the inferior and superior conditions was almost as great as the difference between a superior VFL and no impairment at all (VR: 71%; AR: 70%). We conclude that modern digital simulators are able to replicate and objectively quantify some of the key everyday difficulties associated with visual impairments. Advantages, limitations, and possible applications of current technologies are discussed. Instructions are also given for how to freely obtain the software described (OpenVisSim).

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Data on eye movements of glaucoma patients with asymmetrical visual field loss during free viewing

Reddingius,

Asfaw,

Mönter

et al. 2023

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Does Glaucoma Alter Eye Movements When Viewing Images of Natural Scenes? A Between-Eye Study

Abstract: Eye movements are altered by visual field loss, and these changes are related to changes in clinical measures. Eye movements recorded while passively viewing images could potentially be used as biomarkers for visual field damage.

Cited by 33 publications

References 30 publications

Predicting artificial visual field losses: A gaze-based inference study

Predicting artificial visual field losses: A gaze-based inference study

Seeing other perspectives: evaluating the use of virtual and augmented reality to simulate visual impairments (OpenVisSim)

Data on eye movements of glaucoma patients with asymmetrical visual field loss during free viewing

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