“…Indeed, although GDP declined, in annual average terms, by -1.1 per cent in 2013, it underwent a market intra-annual recovery that led GDP to stand, in the last quarter of the year, 1.7 percent above the level recorded in the last quarter of 2012 (Economic Bulletin, April 2014, Bank of Portugal The positive performance of exports during the recession period, also recorded in other euroarea countries, like Ireland and Spain, has been explained in the literature by a negative relationship between domestic demand and exports: in periods of economic stress, firms are more willing to pay the sunk costs for entering a new market abroad (survival driven exports). See, for instance, Belke et al (2015), Eichenbaun et al (2016) and Esteves and Prades (2018).…”