Does cigarette smoke exposure lead to histopathological alterations in the olfactory epithelium? An electron microscopic study on a rat model

Şahin, Elvan; Ortug, Gursel; Ortuğ, Alpen

doi:10.1080/01913123.2018.1499685

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Previous studies suggested that smoking is one of the leading causes of olfactory impairment (44,45). Squamous metaplasia and altered shape of olfactory receptor neurons have been discovered during the histological analyses of smokers' olfactory epithelium (46), which has been confirmed in animal studies (47,48). The olfactory function is about equally affected by passive smoking (49).…”

Section: Olfactory Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Smoking and Sinonasal Disease: A Narrative Review

Askari

2022

Tob Health

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Tobacco smoke includes over 4,000 potentially harmful components. This study aimed to collect relevant content to evaluate the association between smoking and sinonasal diseases. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and Google Scholar databases were searched for related articles from inception until 2021. Of the overall 560 retrieved articles, 67 cases remained for review after the exclusion of duplicates and unrelated papers. Tobacco smoke, whether first- or second-hand, is harmful to the nose and sinuses. Smoking is linked to various sinonasal disorders, including chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), olfactory impairment, nasal polyps, allergic and non-allergic rhinitis, and certain cancers. The formation of bacterial biofilms, dysfunctional mucociliary clearance, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and cytotoxicity, and structural changes appear to be some of the potential mechanisms through which tobacco smoke affects the sinuses and the nose. Clinicians should consider the negative consequences of smoking on sinonasal disorders when treating patients with these conditions. Cessation of smoking may benefit these patients’ health.

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Section: Olfactory Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Smoking and Sinonasal Disease: A Narrative Review

Askari

2022

Tob Health

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“… 8 As a result of smoking, Sahin et al observed increased apoptosis in rat olfactory neurons. 18 In smoke‐exposed rabbits, Iskander et al found a loss of sustentacular cell microvilli, a reduction in the distribution of specialized cilia on olfactory receptor cells, and respiratory metaplasia. 19 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory dysfunction in passive vs active smoking

Kurnaz

Tahir

Kavaz

2021

Laryngoscope Investig Oto

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Background: The aim of this study is to assess the olfactory functions of passive smokers compared to active smokers and nonsmokers.Methods: This prospective case-control study included 30 nonsmokers, 30 passive smokers, and 30 active smoker participants. All groups were matched for gender and age. The Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 22 (SNOT-22) and Sniffin' Sticks test battery were administered to all subjects. Threshold (T), discrimination (D), and identification (I) scores were noted. Olfactory function was subjectively assessed as 0: severe dysfunction and 5: no problem.Results: Overall, TDI scores of active smokers (24.78 ± 3.02) and passive smokers (24.90 ± 2.45) were significantly lower than nonsmokers (34.23 ± 3.46). There was no statistically significant difference between passive smokers and smokers (F (2,87) = 13.47, P < .001)). All subscores are negatively affected by active or passive smoking. The greatest impact of smoking was on threshold scores (η 2 T = 0.719), followed by identification (η 2 I = 0.353) and discrimination (η 2 D = 0.282) scores. SNOT-22 and TDI scores were weakly (r = À.352) correlated as subjective assessment, and TDI scores were moderately correlated (r: .539) (P values < .001). Age and pack-years cigarette dosage had a negative effect on the TDI score (TDI = 26.386 À (0.084 Â age) À (0.072 Â Pack.Year)) according to stepwise linear regression model (F = 10.187; P = .001).Conclusions: Passive smoking has nearly the same adverse effect on olfactory function as active smoking. The threshold scores are the most negatively affected. The olfactory effect of cigarette smoke may not be directly related to nasal inflammation.Olfactory neuronal pathways should be investigated to elucidate the exact pathophysiology.

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