Effect of e-cigarettes on nasal epithelial cell growth, Ki67 expression, and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion

Rouabhia, Mahmoud; Piché, Marie-Ève; Corriveau, Marie-Noëlle; Chakir, Jamila

doi:10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102686

Cited by 15 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Increased cell cytotoxicity and LDH, altered transcriptomes, reduced proliferation, and increased pro-inflammatory cytokines were found when nasal, ear, and lung cells were exposed to e-cigarettes. [38][39][40][41] Diethylene glycol, a chemical found in e-cigarettes, has been tested on gingival fibroblasts and resulted in reduced cell viability, increased apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and DNA damage. 10,20,21,42 Propylene glycol in e-cigarettes increases hydrogen peroxide in lung fibroblasts, promotes oxidative stress, 10 increases xerostomia, 24,43 and produces a dose-dependent increase in bronchial cell cytokines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20,21 Seven studies were conducted in the US, 5,6,20,[22][23][24] two in Canada, 21,25 two in Switzerland, 26,27 three in Germany, [28][29][30] two in Italy, 31,32 one in Poland, 33 and one in Brazil. 34 Four studies examined e-cigarette liquid on oral cells, 28,29,[31][32][33]35,36 nine e-cigarette vapor, 5,6,[20][21][22][25][26][27]37 four tested cigarette liquid and vapor, 6,33,37,38 and one study the effects of vapor on DNA. 34 Nicotine concentration ranged from 0 to 24 mg/ml, and 12 flavors were tested for toxicity.…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…29 Another study used oral keratinocytes, 36 and 2 studies used premalignant keratinocytes, laryngeal lymph cells, and head and neck squamous epithelial cells. 6,23 Eight studies used donor tissue to create cell lines, [26][27][28][29][32][33][34]38 8 studies used cultured cell lines, 5,6,20,21,32,35,37,39 and 2 studies used research participants 20,36 (See Table 3).…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adverse effects of E‐cigarettes on head, neck, and oral cells: A systematic review

Wilson

Freitas

Awan

et al. 2022

J Oral Pathology Medicine

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Background: E-cigarette sales in the United States (US) are projected to reach 16.5 billion by 2024 according to market analysis. Six deaths and 450 lung illnesses have been linked to e-cigarette use. To our knowledge, a systematic review of the adverse effects of e-cigarettes on head, neck, and oral cells does not exist. This review aimed to conduct a systematic review of current literature to determine whether e-cigarettes caused adverse effects on cells of the head, neck, and oral cavity. Methods: Five databases including Medline, Dentistry and Oral Sciences, CINAHL, CAPLUS, Web of Science, and gray literature were searched for articles any time up to December 2020. Using Rayyan software, two-independent researchers screened 233 articles and extracted 41 for further investigation. Based on the inclusion criteria, 18 articles were eligible for this review.Results: Aberrant morphology, cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, reduced viability, delayed fibroblast migration, and genotoxicity were statistically significant when the head, neck, and oral cells were exposed to e-cigarettes. Of note, most articles in this systematic review found cigarette smoke to be significantly more toxic to head, neck, and oral cells than e-cigarettes.Conclusions: E-cigarettes are implicated in adverse effects on head, neck, and oral cells, yet very few have been tested against these cells. More longitudinal studies using a wider variety of e-cigarettes are necessary before we can determine their total adverse effects. Future research must also investigate chronic e-cigarette use and if it leads to periodontal disease and/or head, neck, or oral cancer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adverse effects of E‐cigarettes on head, neck, and oral cells: A systematic review

Wilson

Freitas

Awan

et al. 2022

J Oral Pathology Medicine

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“…The mass fraction of particles that could deposit in the head (H), tracheobronchial (TB), and pulmonary (P) regions were estimated using in MPPD using the Yeh/Schum symmetric lung model for an oronasal-mouth breather. This model was chosen rather than oral-only inhalation because available evidence indicates histological changes in the nasal cavity epithelial lining and oral mucosal damage among e-cigarette users ( 6 , 66 , 67 ). Supplementary Table 1 summarizes the details of the physiological parameters used for particle deposition modeling.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of E-Liquid Humectants, Nicotine, and Flavorings on Aerosol Particle Size Distribution and Implications for Modeling Respiratory Deposition

Stefaniak

Ranpara

Virji

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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Electronic cigarette, or vaping, products are used to heat an e-liquid to form an aerosol (liquid droplets suspended in gas) that the user inhales; a portion of this aerosol deposits in their respiratory tract and the remainder is exhaled, thereby potentially creating opportunity for secondhand exposure to bystanders (e.g., in homes, automobiles, and workplaces). Particle size, a critical factor in respiratory deposition (and therefore potential for secondhand exposure), could be influenced by e-liquid composition. Hence, the purposes of this study were to (1) test the influence of laboratory-prepared e-liquid composition [ratio of propylene glycol (PG) to vegetable glycerin (VG) humectants, nicotine, and flavorings] on particle size distribution and (2) model respiratory dosimetry. All e-liquids were aerosolized using a second-generation reference e-cigarette. We measured particle size distribution based on mass using a low-flow cascade impactor (LFCI) and size distribution based on number using real-time mobility sizers. Mass median aerodynamic diameters (MMADs) of aerosol from e-liquids that contained only humectants were significantly larger compared with e-liquids that contained flavorings or nicotine (p = 0.005). Humectant ratio significantly influenced MMADs; all aerosols from e-liquids prepared with 70:30 PG:VG were significantly larger compared with e-liquids prepared with 30:70 PG:VG (p = 0.017). In contrast to the LFCI approach, the high dilution and sampling flow rate of a fast mobility particle sizer strongly influenced particle size measurements (i.e., all calculated MMAD values were < 75 nm). Dosimetry modeling using LFCI data indicated that a portion of inhaled particles will deposit throughout the respiratory tract, though statistical differences in aerosol MMADs among e-liquid formulations did not translate into large differences in deposition estimates. A portion of inhaled aerosol will be exhaled and could be a source for secondhand exposure. Use of laboratory-prepared e-liquids and a reference e-cigarette to standardize aerosol generation and a LFCI to measure particle size distribution without dilution represents an improved method to characterize physical properties of volatile aerosol particles and permitted determination of MMAD values more representative of e-cigarette aerosol in situ, which in turn, can help to improve dose modeling for users and bystanders.

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“…In only a little over a decade of e-cig research, the reported cellular responses following exposure to e-liquid, aerosol, or any of their components are numerous and varied. These responses include cell death [17–20], reactive oxygen species (ROS) production [21, 22], inflammatory signaling [23–26], mitochondrial dysfunction [19, 27, 28], genotoxicity [18, 20, 29], autophagy inhibition [30], disruption of airway barrier function [31, 32], inhibition of cell differentiation [33, 34], respiratory immune cell dysfunction [35], and dysregulation of DNA repair pathways [36, 37]. Despite this considerable and rapid growth in e-cig literature in the past decade, there are no comprehensive reports to date, and to the best of our knowledge, assessing the potential impact of cell culture parameters on cellular response to e-cig liquid or aerosol exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro determinants of e-cig aerosol condensate bioavailability and toxicity: Influence of cell culture parameters and utility of a normalized dose metric in e-cigarette studies

Obodo

O’Connor

2021

Preprint

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Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) have a strong foothold in the marketplace as a product to replace tobacco cigarette usage. Despite many researchers investigating the use of e-cigs and possible health issues, there is still controversy concerning how to evaluate and use e-cig condensates. Therefore, to identify factors that influence in vitro e-cig studies, we examined parameters that can impact experimental outcomes. We generated high wattage e-cig aerosol condensate (ECAC) to determine reproducible conditions to evaluate ECAC with respect to cellular survival. Cytotoxicity of ECAC was independent of serum conditions. However, cytotoxicity of ECAC is altered by treatment duration and by physical factors, including cell seeding density and volume of ECAC used. In addition, interactions between ECAC components and cells, as well as the culture vessel surface, diminish the bioavailability of ECAC components in vitro and altered the results obtained. Moreover, the cell seeding density changes reactive oxygen species production in response to ECAC exposure. Our data indicated that normalized ECAC doses (ECAC weight per cell) better reflect the toxicity of ECAC than nominal doses (ECAC percentage). These results provide factors for researchers to consider in the design of in vitro experiments using ECAC.

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Effect of e-cigarettes on nasal epithelial cell growth, Ki67 expression, and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion

Cited by 15 publications

References 39 publications

Adverse effects of E‐cigarettes on head, neck, and oral cells: A systematic review

Adverse effects of E‐cigarettes on head, neck, and oral cells: A systematic review

Influence of E-Liquid Humectants, Nicotine, and Flavorings on Aerosol Particle Size Distribution and Implications for Modeling Respiratory Deposition

In vitro determinants of e-cig aerosol condensate bioavailability and toxicity: Influence of cell culture parameters and utility of a normalized dose metric in e-cigarette studies

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