Does cell phone use increase the chances of parotid gland tumor development? A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Siqueira, Elisa Carvalho de; Souza, Fabrício Tinôco Alvim de; Gomez, Ricardo Santiago; Gomes, Carolina Cavaliéri; Souza, Renan Pedra de

doi:10.1111/jop.12531

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…[7] Since then, subsequent case-control studies have reported inconsistent findings regarding the association between cellular phone use (use vs. never or rarely use) and tumor risk, similar to our previous findings. Since we published our meta-analysis in 2009, six meta-analyses [61][62][63][64][65][66] have reported the associations between cellular phone use and risk of brain tumors or head and neck tumors, mainly glioma and salivary gland tumors. Among them, four meta-analyses concluded that there was a statistically significant increased risk of glioma among heavy or long-term (over 10 years) mobile phone users in meta-analyses of 10 to 12 case-control studies [61,[64][65][66].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular Phone Use and Risk of Tumors: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Moskowitz

Myung

Lee

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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We investigated whether cellular phone use was associated with increased risk of tumors using a meta-analysis of case-control studies. PubMed and EMBASE were searched from inception to July 2018. The primary outcome was the risk of tumors by cellular phone use, which was measured by pooling each odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI). In a meta-analysis of 46 case-control studies, compared with never or rarely having used a cellular phone, regular use was not associated with tumor risk in the random-effects meta-analysis. However, in the subgroup meta-analysis by research group, there was a statistically significant positive association (harmful effect) in the Hardell et al. studies (OR, 1.15—95% CI, 1.00 to 1.33— n = 10), a statistically significant negative association (beneficial effect) in the INTERPHONE-related studies (case-control studies from 13 countries coordinated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC); (OR, 0.81—95% CI, 0.75 to 0.89—n = 9), and no statistically significant association in other research groups’ studies. Further, cellular phone use with cumulative call time more than 1000 h statistically significantly increased the risk of tumors. This comprehensive meta-analysis of case-control studies found evidence that linked cellular phone use to increased tumor risk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular Phone Use and Risk of Tumors: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Moskowitz

Myung

Lee

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…1 Although there are some theories on possible indicators (such as mobile phones), no certain evidence has been presented as yet. 37,38 It is obvious that early surgical procedure would be safer in the majority of parotid gland tumors and proper surgical qualification is therefore critical. Until now there has been no serum biomarker for these tumors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel interleukin-33 and its soluble ST2 receptor as potential serum biomarkers in parotid gland tumors

Sowa

Misiołek

Zieliński

et al. 2018

Exp Biol Med (Maywood)

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An increasing number of patients with parotid gland tumors have been observed in recent years. The relationship between the immune system and tumor formation is thoroughly investigated. However, newly discovered molecules offer a new insight into the pathophysiology of malignancies. It would be ideal to find an easily determinable biomarker of tumor existence, its malignant potential or a biomarker suggesting the probability of disease recurrence. Our study is the first to examine serum concentrations of IL-33 and its sST2 receptor in patients with various types of parotid gland tumors. Serum IL33, sST2, IL-4 and IL-10 concentrations were determined in patients with benign and malignant parotid gland tumors (pleomorphic adenoma, Warthin's tumor, myoepithelioma and acinic cell carcinoma). We observed for the first time that serum IL-33 level was significantly elevated in patients with various types of parotid gland tumors and sST2 levels were significantly higher in pleomorphic adenoma and acinic cell carcinoma patients compared to the controls. Our results demonstrate for the first time that serum IL-33 and its sST2 receptor may be important factors in the pathology of parotid gland tumors. Although our results are promising, further investigations are required to detect if serum concentrations of those molecules may be a biomarker in parotid gland tumors. Impact statement Parotid gland tumors seem to be an increasingly important medical challenge, mostly due to a noticeable increase in the incidence. It would be crucial to find an easily determinable biomarker of tumor existence, its recurrence or malignant potential. We observed for the first time that serum IL-33 level was significantly elevated in patients with various types of parotid gland tumors and its sST2 receptor levels were significantly higher in pleomorphic adenoma and acinic cell carcinoma patients compared to the controls. We believe that our study helps to understand the biology of the tumors and a potential role of a relatively newly identified cytokine IL-33 in the pathophysiology of the parotid gland tumors.

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“…While independent meta-analyses including several types of intra-cranial tumors are in accordance with those results 4 , 5 , Röösli et al 6 found no association between glioma risk and MP use. Regarding salivary gland tumors, both conclusions have been reached: no association 4 , 7 , and association (mild but significant) 8 . Miller et al 9 proposed that the International Agency for Cancer Research (IARC) should change the classification of RF EMF from MP and other wireless devices from its current IARC Group 2B (possibly carcinogenic) to Group 1 (carcinogenic), whereas organizations such as the Food and Drugs Administration from the USA 10 or the Swedish Radiation Safety Authority 11 have come to the exact opposite conclusion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Mapping of static magnetic fields near the surface of mobile phones

Zastko

Makinistian

Tvarožná

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Whether the use of mobile phones (MP) represents a health hazard is still under debate. As part of the attempts to resolve this uncertainty, there has been an extensive characterization of the electromagnetic fields MP emit and receive. While the radiofrequencies (RF) have been studied exhaustively, the static magnetic fields (SMF) have received much less attention, regardless of the fact there is a wealth of evidence demonstrating their biological effects. We performed 2D maps of the SMF at several distances from the screen of 5 MP (models between 2013 and 2018) using a tri-axis magnetometer. We built a mathematical model to fit our measurements, extrapolated them down to the phones’ screen, and calculated the SMF on the skin of a 3D head model, showing that exposure is in the µT to mT range. Our literature survey prompts the need of further research not only on the biological effects of SMF and their gradients, but also on their combination with extremely low frequency (ELF) and RF fields. The study of combined fields (SMF, ELF, and RF) as similar as possible to the ones that occur in reality should provide a more sensible assessment of potential risks.

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Does cell phone use increase the chances of parotid gland tumor development? A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Cited by 24 publications

References 17 publications

Cellular Phone Use and Risk of Tumors: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cellular Phone Use and Risk of Tumors: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Novel interleukin-33 and its soluble ST2 receptor as potential serum biomarkers in parotid gland tumors

Mapping of static magnetic fields near the surface of mobile phones

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