Does belowground interaction with Fagus sylvatica increase drought susceptibility of photosynthesis and stem growth in Picea abies?

Goisser, Michael; Geppert, Uwe; Rötzer, Thomas; Paya, Alex M.; Huber, Annika E; Kerner, René; Bauerle, Taryn L.; Pretzsch, Hans; Pritsch, Karin; Häberle, Karl‐Heinz; Matyssek, Rainer; Grams, Thorsten E. E.

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2016.05.032

Cited by 71 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Spruce, zone of spruce neighbouring spruce; mixture, interspecific contact zone between beech and spruce; beech, zone of beech neighbouring beech; modified from Goisser et al. ()…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These positive mixed stand effects have been attributed to improved soil properties and increased overall biodiversity by beech (Ammer, Bickel, & Kölling, ). In addition, below‐ground resource partitioning is likely to contribute to the positive effects of mixture as beech shifts its fine roots from upper to lower soil depths when growing alongside spruce because of competition (Bolte & Villanueva, ; Goisser et al., ). Under severe summer drought conditions, spruce can adapt by decreasing its fine‐root growth (Puhe, ) while maintaining its standing fine‐root biomass (Nikolova, Andersen, Blaschke, Matyssek, & Häberle, ), whereas beech exhibited slightly increased fine‐root growth during the severe summer drought of 2003 (Nikolova et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitative losses vs. qualitative stability of ectomycorrhizal community responses to 3 years of experimental summer drought in a beech–spruce forest

Nickel

Weikl

Kerner

et al. 2017

Global Change Biology

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Forest ecosystems in central Europe are predicted to face an increasing frequency and severity of summer droughts because of global climate change. European beech and Norway spruce often coexist in these forests with mostly positive effects on their growth. However, their different below-ground responses to drought may lead to differences in ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal community composition and functions which we examined at the individual root and ecosystem levels. We installed retractable roofs over plots in Kranzberg Forest (11°39'42″E, 48°25'12″N; 490 m a.s.l.) to impose repeated summer drought conditions and assigned zones within each plot where trees neighboured the same or different species to study mixed species effects. We found that ECM fungal community composition changed and the numbers of vital mycorrhizae decreased for both tree species over 3 drought years (2014-2016), with the ECM fungal community diversity of beech exhibiting a faster and of spruce a stronger decline. Mixed stands had a positive effect on the ECM fungal community diversity of both tree species after the third drought year. Ectomycorrhizae with long rhizomorphs increased in both species under drought, indicating long-distance water transport. However, there was a progressive decline in the number of vital fine roots during the experiment, resulting in a strong reduction in enzyme activity per unit volume of soil. Hydrolytic enzyme activities of the surviving ectomycorrhizae were stable or stimulated upon drought, but there was a large decline in ECM fungal species with laccase activity, indicating a decreased potential to exploit nutrients bound to phenolic compounds. Thus, the ectomycorrhizae responded to repeated drought by maintaining or increasing their functionality at the individual root level, but were unable to compensate for quantitative losses at the ecosystem level. These findings demonstrate a strong below-ground impact of recurrent drought events in forests.

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“…Spruce, zone of spruce neighbouring spruce; mixture, interspecific contact zone between beech and spruce; beech, zone of beech neighbouring beech; modified from Goisser et al. ()…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative losses vs. qualitative stability of ectomycorrhizal community responses to 3 years of experimental summer drought in a beech–spruce forest

Nickel

Weikl

Kerner

et al. 2017

Global Change Biology

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show abstract

“…In addition, annual diameter growth at breast height was recorded since 1998 with permanent diameter tapes which were equipped with Vernier scales for circumferential recording with 1 mm resolution (UMS, Germany). For further details of measurement and stand characteristics see (Pretzsch et al 1998Häberle et al 2012;Goisser et al 2016).…”

Section: Field Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trees with inferior social positions may on the one hand benefit from being shaded in dry years, from the reduced water consumption of tall neighbours with isohydric behaviour (Goisser et al 2016), or from their rooting closer to the surface which means better access to occasional rainwater in summer (Flanagan et al 1992). On the other hand, being subdominant may mean less access to water and less stemflow in favour of the roots, limited access to ground water, or less water availability when stocking beside anisohydric neighbours which are continuously exploiting the available water supply (Wullschleger et al 1998;Grote et al 2016).…”

Section: Relevance For Understanding and Modelling Stand Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drought can favour the growth of small in relation to tall trees in mature stands of Norway spruce and European beech

2018

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Background: Climate change triggered many studies showing that trends and events of environmental conditions can reduce but also accelerate growth at the stand and individual tree level. However, it is still rather unknown how climate change modifies the growth partitioning between the trees in forest stands. Methods: Based on long-term girth-tape measurements in mature monospecific and mixed-species stands of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) we traced the effect of the severe droughts in 2003 and 2015 from the stand down to the tree level. Results: Stand growth of Norway spruce decreased by about 30% in the once-in-a-century drought 2015, while European beech was much more drought resistant. Water availability generally amplified size-asymmetric growth partitioning. Especially in case of Norway spruce water availability primarily fostered the growth of predominant trees, whereas drought favoured the growth of small trees at the expense of the predominant ones. We could not detect significant differences between mixed and monospecific stands in this regard. Conclusions: The drought-induced reallocation of growth in favour of small trees in case of spruce may result from its isohydric character. We hypothesize that as small trees are shaded, they can benefit from the reduced water consumption of their sun-exposed taller neighbours. In case of beech, as an anisohydric species, tall trees suffer less and smaller trees benefit less under drought. The discussion elaborates the consequences of the water dependent growth allocation for forest monitoring, growth modelling, and silviculture.

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“…Species mixture could lead to positive effects as well as to negative consequences for tree ring growth. For instance, the shading effects of beech or its deep-rooting system and the consequent restriction of water and nutrient supply could have negative effects on spruce [17,59]. Positive effects of beech on spruce might include hydraulic lift by the roots.…”

Section: Species Interaction In Monospecific Versus Mixed Standsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drought Stress Reaction of Growth and Δ13C in Tree Rings of European Beech and Norway Spruce in Monospecific Versus Mixed Stands Along a Precipitation Gradient

Schäfer

Grams

Rötzer

et al. 2017

Forests

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Tree rings include retrospective information about the relationship between climate and growth, making it possible to predict growth reaction under changing climate. Previous studies examined species-specific reactions under different environmental conditions from the perspective of tree ring growth and 13 C discrimination (∆ 13 C). This approach is extended to monospecific versus mixed stands in the present paper. We investigated the resistance and resilience of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica [L.]) in response to the drought event in 2003. The study was carried out along a precipitation gradient in southern Germany. Responses of basal area increment (BAI) and ∆ 13 C were correlated with a Climate-Vegetation-Productivity-Index (CVPI). The species showed different strategies for coping with drought stress. During the summer drought of 2003, the BAI of spruces reveal a lower resistance to drought on dry sites than those of beech. For beech, we found an increasing resistance in BAI and ∆ 13 C from dry to moist sites. In mixture with spruce, beech had higher resistance and resilience for ∆ 13 C with increasing site moisture. The combination of ∆ 13 C and tree ring growth proxies improves our knowledge of species-specific and mixture-specific reactions to drought for sites with different moisture conditions.

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Does belowground interaction with Fagus sylvatica increase drought susceptibility of photosynthesis and stem growth in Picea abies?

Cited by 71 publications

References 68 publications

Quantitative losses vs. qualitative stability of ectomycorrhizal community responses to 3 years of experimental summer drought in a beech–spruce forest

Quantitative losses vs. qualitative stability of ectomycorrhizal community responses to 3 years of experimental summer drought in a beech–spruce forest

Drought can favour the growth of small in relation to tall trees in mature stands of Norway spruce and European beech

Drought Stress Reaction of Growth and Δ13C in Tree Rings of European Beech and Norway Spruce in Monospecific Versus Mixed Stands Along a Precipitation Gradient

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