Does an Apple a Day Also Keep the Microbes Away? The Interplay Between Diet, Microbiota, and Host Defense Peptides at the Intestinal Mucosal Barrier

Puértolas-Balint, Fabiola; Schroeder, Bjoern O.

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01164

Cited by 25 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 202 publications

(244 reference statements)

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“…The success of FMT appears to depend upon the choice of donor and their microbiota composition [9]. Recent data suggest that diet may alter intestinal microbiota, directly affect the host epithelial and goblet cells, diminish antimicrobial peptides, and influence the immune system's responses [4,[10][11][12][13][14]. However, while dietary interventions have proven to be highly effective in inducing remission in Crohn's disease, the role of diet in UC and the potential for dietary therapies remain elusive [15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel UC Exclusion Diet and Antibiotics for Treatment of Mild to Moderate Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis: A Prospective Open-Label Pilot Study

et al. 2021

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Background: As the microbiome plays an important role in instigating inflammation in ulcerative colitis (UC), strategies targeting the microbiome may offer an alternative therapeutic approach. The goal of the pilot trial was to evaluate the potential efficacy and feasibility of a novel UC exclusion diet (UCED) for clinical remission, as well as the potential of sequential antibiotics for diet-refractory patients to achieve remission without steroids. Methods: This was a prospective, single-arm, multicenter, open-label pilot study in patients aged 8–19, with pediatric UC activity index (PUCAI) scores >10 on stable maintenance therapy. Patients failing to enter remission (PUCAI < 10) on the diet could receive a 14-day course of amoxycillin, metronidazole and doxycycline (AMD), and were re-assessed on day 21. The primary endpoint was intention-to-treat (ITT) remission at week 6, with UCED as the only intervention. Results: Twenty-four UCED treatment courses were given to 23 eligible children (mean age: 15.3 ± 2.9 years). The median PUCAI decreased from 35 (30–40) at baseline to 12.5 (5–30) at week 6 (p = 0.001). Clinical remission with UCED alone was achieved in 9/24 (37.5%). The median fecal calprotectin declined from 818 (630.0–1880.0) μg/g at baseline to 592.0 (140.7–1555.0) μg/g at week 6 (p > 0.05). Eight patients received treatment with antibiotics after failing on the diet; 4/8 (50.0%) subsequently entered remission 3 weeks later. Conclusion: The UCED appears to be effective and feasible for the induction of remission in children with mild to moderate UC. The sequential use of UCED followed by antibiotic therapy needs to be evaluated as a microbiome-targeted, steroid-sparing strategy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel UC Exclusion Diet and Antibiotics for Treatment of Mild to Moderate Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis: A Prospective Open-Label Pilot Study

et al. 2021

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“…Prebiotics, one of the functional food categories, are resistant to acidic stomach conditions and human enzymes, but are fermented by specific microorganisms in the colon and result in specific changes in the activity and / or composition of the gastrointestinal microbiota, conferring health benefit to the host (Gibson et al 2017). Thus, prebiotics may exert benefits not only in the colon, but elsewhere, like in the oral cavity, urogenital tract and skin (Singh et al 2017;Puértolas-Balint and Schroeder 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prebiotics distinctively stimulate the components of the intestinal microbiota and serve as additional support for it, in a synbiotic manner (Markowiak and Ś lizewska 2017). The technical term ''synbiotic'', implies that the prebiotic component of food favors the development of specific probiotic microorganisms (Rößle et al 2010;Markowiak and Ś lizewska 2017;Puértolas-Balint and Schroeder 2020). This type of combination improves the survival of probiotic microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract and ensures better results when compared to the isolated probiotic or prebiotic activity (Markowiak and Ś lizewska 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of prebiotics in apple products and potential health benefits

et al. 2021

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Among the fruits, the apple stands out among the most used for elaboration of processed foods. However, the importance of prebiotics in apple products has never been widely analyzed. Prebiotic is a food component resistant to gastric acidity, digestion by mammalian enzymes and gastrointestinal absorption. But following fermentation in the colon, prebiotics result in specific changes in the composition and / or metabolism of the gastrointestinal microbiota, conferring benefits to the health of the host. Therefore, fortifying apple-based products with additional prebiotics is an important strategy for improving consumer health benefits. In this review, after compiling and analyzing scientific and technological studies focusing on prebiotics in apple products, the following benefits of these prebiotics became evident: (1) reduction of water loss in the food matrix; (2) preservation of bioactive and volatile compounds; (3) texture improvement (thickening) in the food industry; (4) increased shelf-live and (5) increased survival of probiotic bacteria, promoting positive effects on microbiota. In addition, this review shows the benefits of different prebiotics for stability and sensory acceptance of apple processed foods.

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“…In this experimental research study, I describe the behavior of commensal microbes classified as probiotics challenged with commercially available, naturally radioactive, mineral water. This investigation was prompted by the consideration that probiotics are consumed in increasingly large amount for their health supporting properties (Puértolas-Balint and Schroeder, 2020) and, since their efficacy lays in the ability to colonize the intestine, it is interesting to assess whether drinkable naturally radioactive mineral water affects microbial viability. The results obtained culturing an array of probiotics in naturally radioactive mineral water were compared with the results obtained culturing the same array of probiotics in deuterium-depleted water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Evidence for the Role of Natural Radioactivity in Influencing Viability of Commensal Microorganisms

Ruggiero¹

2021

American Journal of Immunology

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To investigate the feasibility of culturing edible microbes, classified as probiotics for human consumption, in commercially available, naturally radioactive, mineral water; to compare their viability with that of the same microbes cultured in deuterium-depleted water. A diversified array of probiotics was cultured in two different naturally radioactive mineral waters, or in deuterium-depleted water in order to assess the effects of different culture conditions on microbial viability. Prebiotic microbes for human consumption (cyanobacteria) that are extremely resistant to radiations, were cultured together with the probiotics in a naturally radioactive carbonated mineral water containing silica from vegetal origin introduced to enhance horizontal gene transfer. This co-culture had the goal of transferring radiation resistance from the cyanobacteria to the probiotics. The experiments and the observations described in this study were conducted from April 2020 until March 2021. Culturing microbes in naturally radioactive mineral water yielded one order of magnitude more live microbial cells in comparison with culturing in deuterium-depleted water. In silico observations suggest that expression of DNA repair genes in cyanobacteria is induced by co-culturing conditions in a medium of carbonated mineral water naturally containing the radioactive isotopes 228 U and 226 Ra. The results presented in this study lay the foundation for the development of a novel approach to protection against electromagnetic fields comprising ionizing and non-ionizing radiations. In silico observations and preliminary results on subjects exposed to common electromagnetic fields under real-life conditions, support the hypothesis that co-cultures of radiation-resistant cyanobacteria and probiotics in naturally radioactive, carbonated mineral water may confer protection against the harmful effects of electromagnetic fields.

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Does an Apple a Day Also Keep the Microbes Away? The Interplay Between Diet, Microbiota, and Host Defense Peptides at the Intestinal Mucosal Barrier

Cited by 25 publications

References 202 publications

A Novel UC Exclusion Diet and Antibiotics for Treatment of Mild to Moderate Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis: A Prospective Open-Label Pilot Study

A Novel UC Exclusion Diet and Antibiotics for Treatment of Mild to Moderate Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis: A Prospective Open-Label Pilot Study

Application of prebiotics in apple products and potential health benefits

Experimental Evidence for the Role of Natural Radioactivity in Influencing Viability of Commensal Microorganisms

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